Table 2. . Direct costs of diabetes-related complications.

Description of event or state	Complication cost, 2021 CAD	Ref.
Myocardial Infarction, year of event	21,172	[25]
Myocardial Infarction, subsequent years	3311	[25]
Angina, year of event	4565	[26]
Angina, subsequent years	2130	[26]
Congestive heart failure, year of onset	20,280	[25]
Congestive heart failure, subsequent years	5686	[25]
Stroke, year of event	28,838	[25]
Stroke, subsequent years	4001	[25]
Stroke death within 30 days	11,104	[25]
Peripheral vascular disease, annual	6869	[25]
Hemodialysis, annual	87,468	[26]
Peritoneal dialysis, annual	61,952	[26]
Renal transplant, year of event	111,407	[26]
Renal transplant, subsequent years	111,407	[26]
Laser eye treatment	710	[26]
Severe vision loss/blindness, year of onset	3542	[26]
Severe vision loss/blindness, subsequent years	2525	[26]
Cataract extraction	5315	[28]
Cataract treatment, subsequent years	2963	[26]
Neuropathy, each year	212	[26]
Standard uninfected ulcer	1495	[26]
Infected foot ulcer	3131	[26]
Gangrene treatment	11,190	[26]
Amputation, year of event	11,030	[28]
Amputation, prosthesis	6156	[26]
Severe hypoglycemic event requiring medical assistance	2262	[25]
Severe hyperglycemic event (diabetic ketoacidosis)	12,160	[26]
Annual cost aspirin	60.55	[26]
Annual cost statins (20 mg)	383	[29]
Annual costs ACE inhibitor (ramipril 5 mg)	86.62	[29]
Annual costs stopping ACEs due to adverse events	84.55	[27]
Costs of screening for retinopathy	90.13	[27]
Costs of screening for microalbuminuria	33.86	[26]
Costs of screening for gross proteinuria	33.86	[26]
Costs of foot screening program	84.55	[27]