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. 2023 Oct 26;42(23):e113279. doi: 10.15252/embj.2022113279

Figure 4. Adenine‐derived nucleotides induce interleukin release.

Figure 4

  1. Differentiated BLaER1 cells treated with 500 μM Ap4A, ATP, ADP, UTP, or UDP for 2, 4, 6, or 10 h and analyzed for cytokine release by cytometric bead array. The graph shows the cytokine levels from three biological replicates together with mean ± SD. *P < 0.0001, § P < 0.001, $ P < 0.01, # P < 0.05 (two‐way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test, comparison to mock).
  2. PBMCs isolated from six donors treated with 500 μM Ap4A or 10 ng/ml LPS for 8 h with protein secretion blocked after the initial 4 h. The cells were stained for viability using a fluorescent cell permeability dye and intracellular IL‐8 and surface CD14 (monocytes) using specific fluorescently coupled antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of IL‐8+ CD14+ cells of the total CD14+ cells is shown for each donor together with the mean ± SD and P‐value (one‐way repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test).