Table 3.
Differences in muscle activity between HPC and HCP.
| Muscle | Intensity | Beginner | Advanced | Elite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPC (%MVIC) | HCP (%MVIC) | HPC (%MVIC) | HCP (%MVIC) | HPC (%MVIC) | HCP (%MVIC) | |||
| VL | 50% 1-RM | Mean | 163.82 | 152.72 | 247.70 | 195.47 | 324.41 | 239.40 |
| SD | 64.41 | 70.36 | 259.48 | 165.81 | 305.15 | 86.53 | ||
| P | 0.508 | 0.445 | 0.600 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.38 | |||||
| 70% 1-RM | Mean | 208.20 | 213.18 | 321.09 | 215.58 | 248.37 | 279.38 | |
| SD | 113..02 | 111.04 | 367.87 | 189.90 | 221.22 | 138.83 | ||
| P | 0.575 | 0.093 | 0.345 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.17 | |||||
| 90% 1-RM | Mean | 203.96 | 225.98 | 307.97 | 273.86 | 249.30 | 311.81 | |
| SD | 119.85 | 201.09 | 288.30 | 271.11 | 213.53 | 271.74 | ||
| P | 0.575 | 0.074 | 0.6 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.26 | |||||
| GM | 50% 1-RM | Mean | 124.91 | 81.67 | 97.20 | 90.53 | 298.74 | 258.65 |
| SD | 76.67 | 27.32 | 37.72 | 52.44 | 195.54 | 258.35 | ||
| P | 0.11 | 0.575 | 0.463 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.75 | 0.15 | 0.18 | |||||
| 70% 1-RM | Mean | 99.50 | 118.62 | 107.70 | 109.90 | 186.84 | 228.31 | |
| SD | 56.46 | 61.97 | 49.80 | 64.81 | 118.48 | 214.59 | ||
| P | 0.286 | 0.575 | 0.753 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.24 | |||||
| 90% 1-RM | Mean | 126.81 | 105.92 | 138.84 | 112.02 | 181.07 | 355.86 | |
| SD | 54.65 | 37.07 | 97.81 | 72.81 | 131.97 | 492.89 | ||
| P | 0.182 | 0.074 | 0.6 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.48 | |||||
| RA | 50% 1-RM | Mean | 31.62 | 27.43 | 113.37 | 96.82 | 95.00 | 127.65 |
| SD | 27.20 | 37.10 | 145.63 | 186.46 | 96.78 | 167.54 | ||
| P | 0.386 | 0.139 | 0.917 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.24 | |||||
| 70% 1-RM | Mean | 43.74 | 19.56 | 118.89 | 104.47 | 98.13 | 135.09 | |
| SD | 44.38 | 32.40 | 197.11 | 182.67 | 92.01 | 211.88 | ||
| P | 0.037* | 0.386 | 0.345 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.23 | |||||
| 90% 1-RM | Mean | 83.44 | 16.31 | 131.48 | 119.30 | 53.31 | 121.47 | |
| SD | 110.92 | 20.41 | 240.55 | 242.76 | 37.95 | 133.22 | ||
| P | 0.003* | 0.646 | 0.6 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.70 | |||||
| ES | 50% 1-RM | Mean | 34.80 | 31.33 | 73.37 | 70.27 | 51.78 | 74.84 |
| SD | 33.50 | 43.94 | 50.72 | 117.20 | 37.84 | 92.60 | ||
| P | 0.386 | 0.139 | 0.753 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.33 | |||||
| 70% 1-RM | Mean | 42.67 | 23.03 | 77.15 | 74.09 | 78.04 | 63.95 | |
| SD | 40.91 | 37.05 | 78.53 | 114.27 | 38.01 | 73.67 | ||
| P | 0.037* | 0.878 | 0.917 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.24 | |||||
| 90% 1-RM | Mean | 72.56 | 17.83 | 99.40 | 83.41 | 29.21 | 107.41 | |
| SD | 67.01 | 23.37 | 155.99 | 154.43 | 18.19 | 128.61 | ||
| P | 0.003* | 0.646 | 0.686 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 1.06 | 0.10 | 0.81 | |||||
| TZ | 50% 1-RM | Mean | 138.05 | 98.55 | 74.96 | 67.59 | 60.53 | 67.36 |
| SD | 120.65 | 82.83 | 37.14 | 20.83 | 32.11 | 35.60 | ||
| P | 0.008* | 0.093 | 0.028* | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.38 | 0.24 | 1.08 | |||||
| 70% 1-RM | Mean | 115.20 | 106.18 | 76.01 | 82.35 | 69.58 | 94.62 | |
| SD | 110.94 | 83.04 | 34.12 | 32.21 | 39.12 | 43.46 | ||
| P | 0.594 | 0.333 | 0.028* | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.61 | |||||
| 90% 1-RM | Mean | 94.90 | 112.94 | 72.52 | 84.69 | 61.55 | 90.81 | |
| SD | 64.66 | 84.36 | 36.78 | 36.81 | 23.20 | 58.43 | ||
| P | 0.11 | 0.093 | 0.116 | |||||
| Hedges‘g | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.66 | |||||
Values are presented as mean ± SD. MVIC = maximal voluntary isometric contraction; VL = M. vastus lateralis; GM = M. gluteus maximus; RA = M. rectus abdominis; ES = M. erector spinae; TZ = M. trapezius.
*Statistically significant difference