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. 2023 Nov 16;7:e47101. doi: 10.2196/47101

Table 2.

Associations between themes and characteristics of web-based content on diet and nutrition written in Japanese (N=1703).


All (N=1703), n (%) Food and beverages (n=390), n (%) Weight management (n=366), n (%) Health benefits (n=261), n (%) Healthy eating (n=235), n (%) Nutrition and nutrients (n=208), n (%) Blood and disease (n=141), n (%) Other (n=102), n (%) P valuea
Involvement of editors indicated

No 1141 (67) 236 (60.5) 225 (61.5) 178 (68.2) 182 (77.4) 172 (82.7) 82 (58.2) 66 (64.7) <.001

Yes 562 (33) 154 (39.9) 141 (38.5) 83 (31.8) 53 (22.6) 36 (17.3) 59 (41.8) 36 (35.3) <.001
Involvement of writers indicated

No 1382 (81.2) 324 (83.1) 257 (70.2) 204 (78.2) 202 (86) 190 (91.3) 117 (83) 88 (86.3) <.001

Yes 321 (18.8) 66 (16.9) 109 (29.8) 57 (21.8) 33 (14) 18 (8.7) 24 (17) 14 (13.7) <.001
Involvement of editors or writers indicated

No 913 (53.6) 183 (46.9) 154 (42.1) 145 (55.6) 156 (66.4) 155 (74.5) 64 (45.4) 56 (54.9) <.001

Yes 790 (46.4) 207 (53.1) 212 (57.9) 116 (44.4) 79 (33.6) 53 (25.5) 77 (54.6) 46 (45.1) <.001
Advertisement included (ie, some statements within sentences or sidebars and bottom bars for advertisement)

No 720 (42.3) 150 (38.5) 93 (25.4) 89 (34.1) 141 (60) 112 (53.8) 89 (63.1) 46 (45.1) <.001

Yes 983 (57.7) 240 (61.5) 273 (74.6) 172 (65.9) 94 (40) 96 (46.2) 52 (36.9) 56 (54.9) <.001
Scientific papers cited

No 1529 (89.8) 355 (91) 334 (91.3) 222 (85.1) 220 (93.6) 180 (86.5) 129 (91.5) 89 (87.3) .02

Yes 174 (10.2) 35 (9) 32 (8.7) 39 (14.9) 15 (6.4) 28 (13.5) 12 (8.5) 13 (12.7) .02
Nonfiction books cited

No 1568 (92.1) 371 (95.1) 340 (92.9) 240 (92) 213 (90.6) 180 (86.5) 135 (95.7) 89 (87.3) .002

Yes 135 (7.9) 19 (4.9) 26 (7.1) 21 (8) 22 (9.4) 28 (13.5) 6 (4.3) 13 (12.7) .002
Dietary reference intakes cited

No 1402 (82.3) 323 (82.8) 305 (83.3) 223 (85.4) 215 (91.5) 124 (59.6) 117 (83) 95 (93.1) <.001

Yes 301 (17.7) 67 (17.2) 61 (16.7) 38 (14.6) 20 (8.5) 84 (40.4) 24 (17) 7 (6.9) <.001
Dish-based dietary guidelines cited

No 1639 (96.2) 381 (97.7) 353 (96.4) 260 (99.6) 206 (87.7) 203 (97.6) 139 (98.6) 97 (95.1) <.001

Yes 64 (3.8) 9 (2.3) 13 (3.6) 1 (0.4) 29 (12.3) 5 (2.4) 2 (1.4) 5 (4.9) <.001
Other materials published by public organizations cited

No 1328 (78) 302 (77.4) 307 (83.9) 214 (82) 177 (75.3) 141 (67.8) 105 (74.5) 82 (80.4) <.001

Yes 375 (22) 88 (22.6) 59 (16.1) 47 (18) 58 (24.7) 67 (32.2) 36 (25.5) 20 (19.4) <.001
At least one of the above references (ie, scientific papers, nonfiction books, dietary reference intakes, dish-based dietary guidelines, or other materials published by public organizations) cited

No 1021 (60) 250 (64.1) 238 (65) 159 (60.9) 139 (59.1) 87 (41.8) 86 (61) 62 (60.8) <.001

Yes 682 (40) 140 (35.9) 128 (35) 102 (39.1) 96 9 (40.9) 121 (58.2) 55 (39) 40 (39.2) <.001

aUsing chi-square test.