TABLE 3.

Evaluation of structural model.

Research question	Structural relationship	γ -value
RQ1	Challenge – pleasant emotions	0.383
	Threat – unpleasant emotions	0.360
	Challenge – threat	−0.316
RQ2	Unpleasant emotions – performance	−0.200
RQ3	Gender – anxiety	−0.225
	Gender – unpleasant emotions	−0.072
	Gender – performance	−0.116
	Anxiety – academic self-concept	−0.355
	Anxiety – learning resources	−0.202
	Anxiety – challenge	−0.105
	Anxiety – unpleasant emotions	0.349
	Anxiety – threat	. 441
	Anxiety – positive emotions	0.150
	Academic self-concept – learning resources	0.198
	Academic self-concept – challenge	119
	Academic self-concept – threat	−0.106
	Academic self-concept – pleasant emotions	0.154
	Academic self-concept – unpleasant emotions	−0.122
	Learning resources – challenge	0.261
	Learning resources – pleasant emotions	0.148
	Learning resources – threat	−0.164
	Learning resources – unpleasant emotions	−0.097

Only significant paths are reported.