Table 4.
Demographic data, clinical characteristics and outcomes of derivation and validation cohorts of patients <80 years-old admitted to hospital with COVID-19, from January 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022, used for score recalibration.
| Characteristics | Overall N = 7,6571 | Non missing cases (%) | Derivation N = 5,7421 | Validation N = 1,9151 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.0 (46.0, 66.0) | 7,657 (100%) | 57.0 (47.0, 66.0) | 55.0 (44.0, 65.5) | <0.001 |
| Women | 3,437 (44.9%) | 7,656 (100%) | 2,590 (45.1%) | 847 (44.2%) | 0.517 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 3,810 (49.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 2,924 (50.9%) | 886 (46.3%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 238 (3.1%) | 7,657 (100%) | 157 (2.7%) | 81 (4.2%) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 94 (1.2%) | 7,657 (100%) | 54 (0.9%) | 40 (2.1%) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 249 (3.3%) | 7,657 (100%) | 164 (2.9%) | 85 (4.4%) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 443 (5.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 315 (5.5%) | 128 (6.7%) | 0.059 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,883 (24.6%) | 7,657 (100%) | 1,437 (25.0%) | 446 (23.3%) | 0.134 |
| Obesity | 1,589 (20.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 1,167 (20.3%) | 422 (22.0%) | 0.117 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 215 (2.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 155 (2.7%) | 60 (3.1%) | 0.360 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 159 (2.1%) | 7,657 (100%) | 111 (1.9%) | 48 (2.5%) | 0.152 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 144 (1.9%) | 7,657 (100%) | 100 (1.7%) | 44 (2.3%) | 0.146 |
| Cirrhosis | 16 (0.2%) | 7,657 (100%) | 10 (0.2%) | 6 (0.3%) | 0.253 |
| Previous transplant | 44 (0.6%) | 7,657 (100%) | 25 (0.4%) | 19 (1.0%) | 0.009 |
| HIV infection | 52 (0.7%) | 7,657 (100%) | 38 (0.7%) | 14 (0.7%) | 0.874 |
| Comorbidities (total number) | |||||
| 0 | 2,739 (35.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 2,030 (35.4%) | 709 (37.0%) | 0.005 |
| 1 | 2,401 (31.4%) | 7,657 (100%) | 1,821 (31.7%) | 580 (30.3%) | |
| 2 | 1,687 (22.0%) | 7,657 (100%) | 1,295 (22.6%) | 392 (20.5%) | |
| 3 | 695 (9.1%) | 7,657 (100%) | 510 (8.9%) | 185 (9.7%) | |
| ≥4 | 135 (1.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 86 (1.5%) | 49 (2.6%) | |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1,972 (25.8%) | 7,657 (100%) | 1,584 (27.6%) | 388 (20.3%) | <0.001 |
| ICU | 2,527 (33.0%) | 7,652 (100%) | 1,984 (34.6%) | 543 (28.4%) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 742 (9.7%) | 7,651 (100%) | 608 (10.6%) | 134 (7.0%) | <0.001 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 400 (5.2%) | 7,656 (100%) | 293 (5.1%) | 107 (5.6%) | 0.444 |
| In-hospital mortality | 1,330 (17.4%) | 7,652 (100%) | 1,110 (19.3%) | 220 (11.5%) | <0.001 |
1Derivation (from January 1 to April 30, 2021) and validation cohorts (from May 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022). Numbers are presented as n (%) or median (IQR). 2Statistical tests performed: chi-square test of independence; Wilcoxon rank-sum test; Fisher’s exact test. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency viruses; ICU, intensive care unit.