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. 2023 Nov 16;14:1237016. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237016

Figure 4.

Figure 4

In vivo bright light damage (BLD) murine model clinical assessments. Experimental design for the bright light damage (BLD) model on Balb/c mice or humanized Siglec-11 tg mice (A). Outer Nuclear Layer (ONL) thickness determined by SD-OCT at Day 7 after BLD. Mice were treated with PolySia-NPs, PolySia ligand alone or Blank NPs. Data are presented as % of the baseline values from 11 mice per group and 10 for Blank-NPs. The dotted lines represent the usual damage seen in naïve animals induced using this same protocol (6.6-12 µm). (B). Heat map of ONL thickness across the 25 grid points. The value of each spot is the represented value. X denotes the optic nerve; SN, superior nasal; IN, inferior nasal; IT, inferior temporal, N, nasal (C). Retinal H&E and macrophage (F4/80) immunostaining (D). Black arrows indicate macrophages. GLC, Ganglion Cell Layer; IPL, Inner Plexiform Layer; INL, Inner Nuclear Layer; ONL, Outer Nuclear Layer (yellow shows thickness); RPE, Retinal Pigmented Epithelium/Bruch’s Membrane Choroid; NPs, nanoparticles. Mean ± SEM. **p<0.01. OE, Ocular examinations; ERG, Electroretinography; OCT, Optical coherence tomography.