Table 1.
Characteristics of the included randomized controlled trials.
| Study | Countries | Centers | Outcome events | Treatment group (no. of participants) | Male (%) | Mean age ±SD (years) | Mean NIHSS ±SD baseline (score) | Occlusion | Premorbid mRS 0–2 (no. of participants %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • Schonenberger et al. (17) (NCT02126085) • (SIESTA) | Germany | Single | a, c, f, g, h | • GA 73 • CS 77 | • 65.8 • 54.5 | • 71.8 ± 12.9 • 71.2 ± 14.7 | • 16.8 ± 3.9 • 17.2 ± 3.7 | Anterior circulation | • 64 (87.6) 71 (92.2) |
| • Lowhagen Henden et al. (24) • (NCT01872884) • (AnStroke) | Sweden | Single | d, h | • GA 45 • CS 45 | • 58.0 • 51.0 | • 72.6 ± 11.5 • 73.4 ± 12.3 | • 19.5 ± 5.7 • 17.2 ± 5.0 | Anterior circulation | • 44 (98) 44 (98) |
| • Simonsen et al. (25) • (NCT02317237) • (GOLIATH) | Demark | Single | a, e, g | • GA 65 • CS 63 | • 55.4 • 47.6 | • 71.0 ± 10.0 • 71.8 ± 12.8 | • 17.3 ± 6.1 • 17.7 ± 4.6 | Anterior circulation | • 63 (96.9) 63 (100) |
| • Ren et al. (27) • (ChiCTR-IPR-16008494) | China | Single | a, b, e, g, h | • GA 48 • CS 42 | • 54.2 • 57.1 | • 69.21 ± 5.78 • 69.19 ± 6.46 | • 13.6 ± 3.8 • 13.6 ± 3.8 | Anterior circulation | • 48 (100) 42 (100) |
| • Sun et al. (26) • (NCT02677415) • (CANVAS) | China | Single | a, f, g, h | • GA 20 • CS 20 | • 65.0 • 65.0 | • 67.0 ± 16.0 • 59.3 ± 22.3 | • 14.4 ± 5.6 • 13.0 ± 6.4 | Anterior circulation | • 20 (100) 20 (100) |
| • Maurice et al. (22) • (NCT02822144) • (GASS) | French | Multicenter | b, g | • GA 169 • CS 176 | • 53.0 • 56.0 | • 70.8 ± 13.0 • 72.6 ± 12.3 | • 16.0 ± 6.0 • 16.0 ± 5.0 | Anterior circulation | • NR |
| • Liang et al. (28) • (NCT03317535) • (CANVAS II) | China | Multicenter | a, b, f, g, h | • GA 43 • CS 44 | • 76.7 • 86.4 | • 64.0 ± 11.0 • 60.0 ± 13.0 | • 16.4 ± 6.9 • 15.0 ± 4.6 | Posterior circulation | • NR |
NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Score; NR, not reported; mTICI, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; CS, conscious sedation; GA, general anesthesia.
a, mRS scores at 3 months; b, mRS ≤ 2 at 3 months; c, change in NIHSS score 24 h after intervention; d, difference in mRS scores at 3 months; e, infarct growth 48–72 h after intervention; f, in hospital and 3-month mortality; g, reperfusion rate (mTICI 2b-3); h, pneumonia.