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. 2023 Nov 17;10:1274466. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1274466

Table 2.

Salmonella load and chemical and physical characteristics of the reclaimed urban wastewater used and recommended range for irrigation use.

Parameter Reclaimed urban wastewater Recommended range
Salmonella spp., CFU/g No detected 0 a
pH 7.54 6.5–8.4a
Electrical conductivity at 20°C, μS/cm 845 <700a
Total dissolved solids 180°C, mg/L 432 <1,000b
Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), meq/L 3.9 3÷9b
Ammonium Nitrogen, mg/L N-NH4 1.2 <15 a
Nitrate Nitrogen, mg/L N-NO3 5.1 <5.0a
Total Nitrogen, mg/L N 9.1 <5.0 a
Phosphorus, mg/L P 1.7 <2.0 a
Chlorine, mg/L Cl 149 <100a
Fluoride, mg/L F 0.22 1÷15b
Sodium, mg/L Na 138 <70 a
Potassium, mg/L K 19.1
Magnesium, mg/L Mg 10.9
Calcium, mg/L Ca 77.6
Aluminium, μg/L Al 0.039 5,000÷20000b
Arsenic, μg/L As 0.005 100÷2000b
Boron, μg/L B 0.1888 750÷2000b
Cadmium, μg/L Cd 0.005 10÷50b
Chromium, μg/L Cr 0.005 100÷1000b
Iron, μg/L Fe 0.031 5,000÷20000b
Manganese, μg/L Mn 0.0095 200÷10000b
Mercury, μg/L Hg 0.0005 <1 b
Nickel, μg/L Ni 0.005 200÷2000b
Lead, μg/L Pb 0.005 5,000÷10000b
Copper, μg/L Cu 0.005 200÷5000b
Vanadium, μg/L Va 0.005 100÷ 1000b
Zinc, μg/L Zn 0.319 2000÷10000b
a

According to Ayers and Westcot (36).

b

Optimal value for sprinkler irrigation suggested by Hashem and Qi (14).