Table 2.
Clinical outcomes after index HF.
| Subjects | N | Events | IR* | Unadjusted | Adjusted** | PS-matched | IPW-adjusted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | ||||
| All-cause death | |||||||||||
| Amlodipine | 6,798 | 918 | 32.0 | 0.56 (0.52–0.61) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.59–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.64–0.84) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.53–0.63) | <0.001 |
| No amlodipine | 14,053 | 3,350 | 56.6 | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular death | |||||||||||
| Amlodipine | 6,798 | 350 | 12.2 | 0.54 (0.48–0.61) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.62–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | 0.001 | 0.65 (0.56–0.74) | <0.001 |
| No amlodipine | 14,053 | 1,327 | 22.4 | ||||||||
| HF rehospitalisation | |||||||||||
| Amlodipine | 6,798 | 1,712 | 66.4 | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.006 | 0.91 (0.85–0.96) | 0.002 | 0.85 (0.79–0.90) | <0.001 |
| No amlodipine | 14,053 | 4,460 | 90.5 | ||||||||
| All-cause death or HF rehospitalisation | |||||||||||
| Amlodipine | 6,798 | 2,091 | 81.1 | 0.66 (0.63–0.69) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.006 | 0.77 (0.73–0.82) | <0.001 |
| No amlodipine | 14,053 | 6,101 | 123.8 | ||||||||
*
IR: 100 000 person-years.
**
Adjusted variables: age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, Charlson Comorbidity Index, medications.
CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; IPW, inverse probability weighting; IR, incidence ratio; PS, propensity score.