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. 2023 Nov 17;14:1280346. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280346

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of analytic sample (n = 466 children).

Variables M or % SD
Child Sex
Male 55.15 %
Female 44.85 %
Child Race & Ethnicity
White non-Hispanic 56.65 %
Multiple races 22.96 %
Black 13.09 %
Other race or ethnicity 7.30 %
Household
Biological parent 82.83 %
Adoptive parent 17.16 %
Prenatal substance use 37.73 %
BF externalizing behaviors 0.09 1.80
BF internalizing behaviors 0.02 1.58
Prosocial age 7 49.06 9.48
Prosocial age 11 8.15 1.71
Positive affectivity 5.85 0.57
Parental warmth 38.01 3.31
Neighborhood involvement 1.86 0.53
Importance of religion 2.03 0.96
Financial security 6.03 1.53
Neighborhood safety 4.45 0.45

Notes. Descriptives pooled across 25 multiply imputed datasets. BF = biological family; M = mean; SD = standard deviation. Prosocial behavior at age 7 was collected with the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) and prosocial behavior at age 11 was collected with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).