Table 1.
The review of prophylaxis of post-extubation stridor.
| Intervention | Dose | Route of administration | n | Primary author | Age | Type of surgery and technique | Anesthetic details | Time range | Type of research | Hospital and country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supine/ prone | / | / | 242 | Xiang (3) | NA | ERCP | NA | NA | A randomized controlled trial | NA |
| Supine/ lateral | / | / | 92 | Jung (4) | 3–12 yr | NA | NA | NA | A randomized clinical trial | Yungpook National University; Korea |
| Albuterol spray | 2 puffs | inhaled | 120 | Maddah (5) | 52.34 ±8.95 yr | NA | NA | In 2021 | A bouble-blind randomized clinical trial | 5 Azar Educational Hospital in Gorgan; Northern Iran |
| Dexamethasone | 8 mg TID first 24 h; 4 mg BID next 24 h | iv | 110 | Amoozadeh (2) | 52.1 ± 14.1 yr | Neck surgery | NA | April 2021 to July 2021 | An observational prospective cohort study | Imam Khomeini Hospital's; Iran |
| Remifentanil/ ambroxol hydrochloride/ budesonide suspension | Remifentanil/ 0.5 μg/g; ambroxol 15 mg hydrochloride; budesonide suspension 0.5 mg | iv/ inhaled | 46 | Yang (6) | NA | Removing the tonsil under general anesthesia and adenoidectomy under nasal endoscope | NA | NA | A randomized clinical trial | Cangzhou Central Hospital; China |
| Tracheal tubes | / | / | 2246 | Weiss (7) | 1.93 (1.48) yr in the cuffed and 1.87 (1.45) yr in the uncuffed | ENT, Head surgery, Cleft, Thoracic, Abdominal, Laparoscopy, Urology, Limb, Cardiac catheterization, Gastroenter, Radiology, and Others | NA | NA | A prospective, randomized, controlled multi-center trial | University Children's Hospital Zurich; 24 European pediatric anesthesia centers; Switzerland |
| Bloodletting acupuncture | / | / | 60 | Saghaei (8) | 33.8 (18.6); 38.37 (15.5) (month) | Scheduled for elective surgery | Atropine 10 μg.kg−1; Midazolam 25–100 μg.kg−1; thiopental 5 mg.kg−1; Fentanyl 1 μg.kg−1; Succinylcholine 2 mg.kg−1; halothane | NA | A double-blind, randomized trial | NA |
| Cuffed vs. uncuffed endotracheal intubation | / | / | 40 | Nishat (9) | 3–10 yr | Oral surgeries, | Sevoflurane | February to December 2019 | A randomized controlled study | NA |
| Lidocaine | topical 4 mg/kg of 2%; intravenous 1 mg/kg of 2% iv | / | 134 | Koç (10) | 7.1 ± 1.7; 6.7 ± 1.3 yr; 7.6 ± 2.4 yr; 6.3 ± 0.8 yr | Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy | Atropine, 0.015 mg/kg, meperidine, 1 mg/kg; gas mixture of N2O, O2, and halothane | NA | A randomized controlled trial | NA |
| Dexmedetomidine | Dexmedetomidine 2.0 μg/kg | im | 100 | Ambesh (11) | 35.64 ± 14.93 yr; 38.08 ± 12.58 yr | Laminectomy for PIVD | Midazolam (0.05 mg/kg); Propofol (1.5–2.0 mg/kg); fentanyl (2.0 μg/kg); Vecuronium bromide (0.12 mg/kg), mixture of 50% air in oxygen and isoflurane (1%). | September 2014 to September 2016 | A double blind placebo controlled study | Departm NA Anesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Lucknow |
| Sealing cuff pressure | / | / | 60 | Al-Metwalli (12) | 8.35 ± 1.63 yr; 8.45 ± 1.76 yr; 8.2 ± 1.54 yr | Dental surgery | N2O free general anesthesia; 0.2 mg/kg oral diazepam; fentanyl 2 μg/kg and propofol 2.5 mg/kg. | NA | A prospective controlled, randomized, blinded study. | NA |
| Flexible laryngeal mask | / | / | 90 | Naguib (13) | 3.24 ± 0.857 yr; 3.13 ± 0.815 yr | NA | Atropine 0.01 mg/kg; Fentanyl 1 μg/kg; Sevoflurane 3.5% in oxygen to air of 1:1 | July 2018 to April 2019. | A randomized trial | Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tanta University Hospitals; Egypt |