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. 2023 Nov 17;5:1279534. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1279534

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© 2023 Castellanos-Mendoza, Galloway and Witard.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Energy availability by ovulatory status. FFM, fat-free mass; Error bars, reported mean energy availability (EA) ± SD. Significant differences between groups: ′p = 0.010 and *p = 0.014. The gynaechological age of participants is depicted in the colours of the data points. CASE HISTORIES (thick-border data points). ANOVULATORY. (1) Reported daily protein intake of 1.3 g·kg body mass⁻¹ and exercise “training and physical activity” energy expenditure (EEE) of 690 kcal·day⁻¹. LUTEAL PHASE DEFECT. (2) Lowest EA: The following 2 cycles were deemed ovulatory disturbed and anovulatory by quantitative interpretation of basal body temperature. (3) Highest EA: reported daily protein intake of 1.1 g·kg body mass⁻¹; percentage energy intake derived from refined sugars of 14%. HIGH PROGESTERONE. (4) This elite athlete [tier 4 (50)] reported EA during the competitive season (not her highest training volume).