Table 4.
Characteristics, body composition, training, and physical activity of participants.
| Ovulatory status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anovulatory | Luteal phase defect | Potentially fertile | High PRG |
Total | |
| Serum progesterone (PRG) cut-offs, ng·mL−1 | <6.00 | 6.00–9.40 | 9.41–16.00 | >16.00 | |
| N | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 15 |
| Characteristics | |||||
| Rw: racewalkers, n R: runners, n |
Rw = 2 | Rw = 2 | Rw = 3 | Rw = 1 | Rw = 8 |
| R = 1 | R = 3 | R = 1 | R = 2 | R = 7 | |
| Training and performance calibre,a n per tier | 2: n = 1 | 2: n = 4 | 2: n = 1 | 2: n = 1 | 2: n = 7 |
| 3: n = 2 | 3: n = 1 | 3: n = 3 | 3: n = 1 | 3: n = 7 | |
| 4: n = 1 | 4: n = 1 | ||||
| Chronological age, years | 18 | 18 | 24 | 20 | 20 |
| (16–20) | (14–21) | (17–41) | (19–22) | (14.8–41.1) | |
| Gynaecological age, years post-menarche | 3 | 4 | 12 | 6 | 5 |
| (1.7–5.0) | (2–8) | (4–26) | (4–9) | (1.7–26.1) | |
| LEAF-Q score,b points | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| (3–7) | (0–5) | (1–9) | (2–8) | (0–9) | |
| Anthropometry and body composition | |||||
| Body mass, kg | 48.2 ± 0.6 | 49.2 ± 5.3 | 50.3 ± 8.1 | 46.3 ± 7.6 | 49 ± 6 40–61 |
| Height, m | 1.53 ± 0.01 | 1.49 ± 0.04 | 1.54 ± 0.14 | 1.55 ± 0.15 | 1.53 ± 0.09 1.39–1.74 |
| Body mass index, kg·m−2 | 20.5 | 20.6 | 21.0 | 19.1 | 20.5 |
| (20.5–21.1) | (19.4–25.9) | (20.2–21.9) | (18.0–20.4) | (18.0–25.9) | |
| Sum of 8 skinfolds, mm | * ’ | ’ | * | ||
| 106 | 110 | 82 | 83 | 96 | |
| (90–114) | (96–162) | (80–101) | (71–87) | (71–162) | |
| Body fat, % as per Yuhasz (39) |
* ’ | ’ | * | ||
| 15 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
| (15–17) | (15–22) | (13–16) | (12–14) | (12–22) | |
| Training and physical activity “TPA” ≥ 3.5 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) | |||||
| Volume, km per week | 62 | 23 | 62 | 44 | 44 |
| (40–103) | (12–90) | (18–92) | (26–60) | (12–103) | |
| Volume, h per week | 6 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 |
| (5–23) | (3–12) | (5–14) | (4–8) | (3–23) | |
| EEE: exercise “TPA” energy expenditure, kcal per day | 493 | 195 | 443 | 388 | 385 |
| (318–690) | (150–572) | (204–696) | (189–394) | (150–696) | |
Significant differences between groups: * and ‘ p < 0.05.
a
As per McKay et al. (50); tier 2: local level representation; tier 3: competitive athletes at both the National (Guatemala) and Central American levels.
b
LEAF-Q: Low Energy Availability (LEA) in Females Questionnaire, score ≥8 points = risk for LEA (27). Two athletes with 8 and 9 points were accepted as scores reflected respectively 3-week absence of training (posterior tibial syndrome) and postpartum amenorrhoea.