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. 2023 Dec 1;24:275. doi: 10.1186/s13059-023-03112-7

Table 3.

Results on assembly after correction by different correction protocols of reads from 4 different real datasets. 1st column: genome assembly program; Canu was used for raw reads, while HiCanu was used for corrected reads (because their error profiles resemble those of PacBio HiFI reads). 2nd column: Error correction protocol. Indels/100 kbp: average number of insertion or deletion errors per 100,000 aligned bases. Mismatches/100 kbp = average number of mismatch errors per 100,000 aligned bases. Genome fraction (GF) reflects how much of each of the strain-specific genomes is covered by the corrected reads. NGA50 is the length of the longest contig such that the alignments of that and all longer contigs span at least 50% of the reference sequence. N/100 kbp denotes the average number of uncalled bases (Ns) per 100,000 bases in the read. MC = fraction of misassembled contigs

Assemblers GF (%) Indels/100 kbp Mismatches/100 kbp NGA50 N/100 kbp MC (%)
Bmock12 ONT
Canu ONT raw reads 57.13 504.95 140.75 78498 0.00 9.04
HiCanu Ratatosk 61.56 2.99 83.12 137201 0.22 4.04
HiCanu R-HERO 63.92 1.27 34.30 198551 0.07 2.70
HiCanu FMLRC 60.64 1.10 8.76 136705 0.00 4.48
HiCanu F-HERO 60.84 0.82 6.90 148570 0.03 4.23
HiCanu LoRDEC 56.48 1.43 9.92 90070 0.00 4.28
HiCanu L-HERO 60.50 1.14 16.48 125982 0.03 4.74
Bmock12 PacBio
Canu PacBio raw reads 50.01 174.71 63.79 6025 0.00 3.72
HiCanu Ratatosk 59.25 3.88 66.22 31170 0.46 2.61
HiCanu R-HERO 61.48 1.85 38.50 42481 0.06 4.60
HiCanu FMLRC 62.54 2.02 19.50 65939 0.00 2.40
HiCanu F-HERO 62.83 1.77 19.28 61786 0.03 2.45
HiCanu LoRDEC 55.47 1.67 23.59 23307 0.00 2.96
HiCanu L-HERO 60.27 1.72 35.59 44240 0.01 6.51
NWC ONT
Canu ONT raw reads - - - - - -
HiCanu Ratatosk 75.74 88.44 173.91 47297 5.39 42.06
HiCanu R-HERO 78.72 48.09 179.33 52662 3.05 53.51
HiCanu FMLRC 84.95 66.68 180.80 61515 0.00 50.25
HiCanu F-HERO 89.12 37.92 160.21 84587 0.00 50.48
HiCanu LoRDEC 36.71 42.98 185.76 - 0.00 21.54
HiCanu L-HERO 61.66 27.54 141.29 37960 0.00 31.11
NWC PacBio
Canu PacBio raw reads 44.27 62.25 33.51 - 0.00 36.51
HiCanu Ratatosk 49.66 18.72 59.16 28052 2.15 6.32
HiCanu R-HERO 53.38 11.10 57.32 29365 1.97 9.52
HiCanu FMLRC 51.28 20.84 32.52 29528 0.00 6.12
HiCanu F-HERO 53.39 15.98 44.49 33130 0.00 11.10
HiCanu LoRDEC 50.34 8.27 56.65 26773 0.00 5.81
HiCanu L-HERO 51.04 6.43 54.91 27546 0.00 5.98

Boldface is meant to indicate the best performing tool in the respective category