Table 4.
Results of tests of the moderating effect of quantitative intervention characteristics
| Type of skills | Quantitative characteristics | Categories | Outcome variables | Heterogeneity test | Combined effects test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I 2 | P | SMD | 95%CI | Z | P | ||||
| Open skills | Cycle | Acute | Inhibitory control | 96.7% | < 0.001 | -1.693 | (-2.993,-0.393) | 2.55 | 0.011 |
| Working memory | 96.6% | < 0.001 | -1.167 | (-2.445,0.112) | 1.79 | 0.074 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 97.8% | < 0.001 | -1.975 | (-3.941,-0.008) | 1.97 | 0.049 | |||
| Long-term | Inhibitory control | 88.0% | < 0.001 | -0.751 | (-1.076,-0.427) | 4.54 | < 0.001 | ||
| Working memory | 89.9% | < 0.001 | -0.730 | (-1.096,-0.365) | 3.92 | < 0.001 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 92.3% | < 0.001 | -0.899 | (-1.439,-0.359) | 3.26 | 0.001 | |||
| Closed skills | Cycle | Acute | Inhibitory control | 95.8% | < 0.001 | -0.617 | (-1.219,-0.015) | 2.01 | 0.045 |
| Working memory | 97.3% | < 0.001 | -0.506 | (-1.517,0.505) | 0.89 | 0.372 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 95.5% | < 0.001 | -1.092 | (-1.746,-0.438) | 3.27 | 0.001 | |||
| Long-term | Inhibitory control | 90.4% | < 0.001 | -0.276 | (-0.806,0.253) | 1.02 | 0.306 | ||
| Working memory | 88.4% | < 0.001 | -0.221 | (-0.708,0.265) | 0.98 | 0.326 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 93.9% | < 0.001 | -0.329 | (-1.163,0.506) | 0.77 | 0.440 | |||
| Open skills | Intensity | Moderate | Inhibitory control | 93.1% | < 0.001 | -0.983 | (-1.465,-0.500) | 3.99 | < 0.001 |
| Working memory | 94.8% | < 0.001 | -1.110 | (-1.705,-0.514) | 3.65 | < 0.001 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 92.1% | < 0.001 | -1.248 | (-1.853,-0.642) | 4.04 | < 0.001 | |||
| Vigorous | Inhibitory control | 95.2% | < 0.001 | -1.382 | (-1.777,-0.988) | 6.87 | < 0.001 | ||
| Working memory | 92.1% | < 0.001 | -1.975 | (-2.407,-1.542) | 8.95 | < 0.001 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 88.6% | < 0.001 | -2.149 | (-2.594,-1.704) | 9.46 | < 0.001 | |||
| Closed skills | Intensity | Moderate | Inhibitory control | 93.3% | < 0.001 | -0.587 | (-1.556,0.382) | 1.19 | 0.235 |
| Working memory | 97.4% | < 0.001 | -0.328 | (-1.400,0.744) | 0.60 | 0.548 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 95.7% | < 0.001 | -1.562 | (-2.331,-0.793) | 3.98 | < 0.001 | |||
| Vigorous | Inhibitory control | 93.7% | < 0.001 | -0.224 | (-1.039,0.591) | 0.54 | 0.590 | ||
| Working memory | 97.8% | < 0.001 | -1.184 | (-3.154,0.786) | 1.18 | 0.239 | |||
| Cognitive flexibility | 96.1% | < 0.001 | -0.596 | (-1.956,0.765) | 0.86 | 0.391 | |||