Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants at baseline
| Baseline characteristics | Treatment group, No. (%) | Control | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESPB | SAPB | ||
| No | 44 | 47 | 46 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 58(10) | 55(13) | 56(11) |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 163(8) | 164(8) | 162(8) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 63(8) | 62(9) | 64(10) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 23.8(2.6) | 23.0(3.4) | 24.3(3.2) |
| Sex | |||
| Women | 26(60) | 26(55) | 28(61) |
| Men | 18(40) | 21(45) | 18(39) |
| ASA | |||
| I | 21(48) | 22(47) | 22(48) |
| II | 23(52) | 25(53) | 24(52) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | 32(73) | 31(66) | 33(72) |
| Smoker | 12(27) | 16(34) | 13(28) |
| Hypertension | 17(38) | 14(29) | 13(28) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 5(11) | 7(15) | 5(11) |
| Diabetes | 6(14) | 5(11) | 10(22) |
| Preoperative pain a | 6(14) | 4(9) | 3(7) |
| Duration of surgery, mean (SD), min | 106.7(63.0) | 82.1(41.0) | 98.9(50.5) |
| Duration of anaesthesia, mean (SD), min | 123.7(65.0) | 102.5(39.9) | 113.5(48.7) |
| Location of port (intercostal space) | |||
| 4 | 21(48) | 19(40) | 24(52) |
| 5 | 23(52) | 28(60) | 22(48) |
| Procedure | |||
| LU | 17(39) | 11(23) | 8(17) |
| LL | 3(7) | 7(15) | 4(9) |
| RU | 17(39) | 19(40) | 19(41) |
| RM | 1(2) | 4(9) | 5(11) |
| RL | 6(13) | 6(113) | 10(22) |
| Number of chest tubes | |||
| 1 | 20(45) | 30(64) | 31(67) |
| 2 | 24(55) | 17(36) | 15(33) |
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, LU Left upper lobectomy, LL Left lower lobectomy, RU Right upper lobectomy, RM Right Middle lobectomy, RL Right lower lobectomy
a Preoperative pain status is defined as the existence of pain before surgery, including pain induced by lung diseases and comorbidities, with a NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) score of more than 3