Table 1.
The general characteristics of the population in NHANESE 2011–2014, statistical analysis was presented with Mean ± SE and Percentage (frequency). CVD, cardiovascular disease. BMI, body mass index. MQIc.arm, categorical value of muscle quality index for arms. MQIc.app, categorical value of muscle quality index for four limbs. MQIc.total, categorical value of whole-body muscle quality index
| Variable | Total (5053) | Non-CVD (4870) | CVD (183) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 39.41 ± 0.40 | 39.12 ± 0.41 | 48.47 ± 0.78 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex | 0.25 | |||
| Female | 2464(48.76) | 2378(97.17) | 86( 2.83) | |
| Male | 2589(51.24) | 2492(96.55) | 97( 3.45) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.31 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2034(40.25) | 1955(96.87) | 79( 3.13) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1097(21.71) | 1047(95.86) | 50( 4.14) | |
| Mexican American | 612(12.11) | 590(97.12) | 22( 2.88) | |
| Other | 1310(25.93) | 1278(97.32) | 32( 2.68) | |
| Education Level | 0.002 | |||
| Less than 9th grade | 229(4.53) | 219(96.60) | 10( 3.40) | |
| 9-11th grade | 610(12.07) | 571(94.19) | 39( 5.81) | |
| High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 1074(21.25) | 1025(95.52) | 49( 4.48) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 1703(33.7) | 1646(96.85) | 57( 3.15) | |
| College graduate or above | 1437(28.44) | 1409(98.55) | 28( 1.45) | |
| Smoke | 1204(23.84) | 1128(93.92) | 76( 6.08) | < 0.0001 |
| Poverty Level | < 0.001 | |||
| low income | 1736(34.36) | 1653(95.22) | 83( 4.78) | |
| middle income | 1647(32.59) | 1580(96.16) | 67( 3.84) | |
| high income | 1670(33.05) | 1637(98.34) | 33( 1.66) | |
| Alcohol User | 3687(76.94) | 3573(97.39) | 114( 2.61) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 1431(28.32) | 1306(92.54) | 125( 7.46) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 680(13.46) | 618(90.98) | 62( 9.02) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.001 | |||
| 18.5–25 | 1617(32) | 1581(98.35) | 36( 1.65) | |
| 25–30 | 1625(32.16) | 1570(97.01) | 55( 2.99) | |
| >=30 | 1811(35.84) | 1719(95.37) | 92( 4.63) | |
| MQIc.arm | < 0.0001 | |||
| extremely low | 734(14.53) | 680(93.91) | 54( 6.09) | |
| low | 1059(20.96) | 1010(96.21) | 49( 3.79) | |
| normal | 3260(64.52) | 3180(97.87) | 80( 2.13) | |
| MQIc.app | < 0.0001 | |||
| extremely low | 751(14.86) | 692(93.57) | 59( 6.43) | |
| low | 1118(22.13) | 1078(97.02) | 40( 2.98) | |
| normal | 3184(63.01) | 3100(97.72) | 84( 2.28) | |
| MQIc.total | < 0.0001 | |||
| extremely low | 1220(24.14) | 1139(94.60) | 81( 5.40) | |
| low | 1035(20.48) | 994(96.65) | 41( 3.35) | |
| normal | 2798(55.37) | 2737(97.99) | 61( 2.01) | |
| Daily sitting time (hour) | 0.07 | |||
| <4 | 1058(20.94) | 1017(96.65) | 41( 3.35) | |
| 4 to < 6 | 1119(22.15) | 1090(97.85) | 29( 2.15) | |
| 6 to 8 | 1591(31.49) | 1517(95.83) | 74( 4.17) | |
| >8 | 1285(25.43) | 1246(97.31) | 39( 2.69) | |
| Physical Activity | 0.06 | |||
| low | 671(16.26) | 649(97.87) | 22( 2.13) | |
| moderate | 682(16.53) | 661(96.28) | 21( 3.72) | |
| high | 2773(67.21) | 2691(97.73) | 82( 2.27) |