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. 2023 Dec 1;23:2388. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17303-1

Table 1.

The general characteristics of the population in NHANESE 2011–2014, statistical analysis was presented with Mean ± SE and Percentage (frequency). CVD, cardiovascular disease. BMI, body mass index. MQIc.arm, categorical value of muscle quality index for arms. MQIc.app, categorical value of muscle quality index for four limbs. MQIc.total, categorical value of whole-body muscle quality index

Variable Total (5053) Non-CVD (4870) CVD (183) P value
Age 39.41 ± 0.40 39.12 ± 0.41 48.47 ± 0.78 < 0.0001
Sex 0.25
 Female 2464(48.76) 2378(97.17) 86( 2.83)
 Male 2589(51.24) 2492(96.55) 97( 3.45)
Ethnicity 0.31
 Non-Hispanic White 2034(40.25) 1955(96.87) 79( 3.13)
 Non-Hispanic Black 1097(21.71) 1047(95.86) 50( 4.14)
 Mexican American 612(12.11) 590(97.12) 22( 2.88)
 Other 1310(25.93) 1278(97.32) 32( 2.68)
Education Level 0.002
 Less than 9th grade 229(4.53) 219(96.60) 10( 3.40)
 9-11th grade 610(12.07) 571(94.19) 39( 5.81)
 High school graduate/GED or equivalent 1074(21.25) 1025(95.52) 49( 4.48)
 Some college or AA degree 1703(33.7) 1646(96.85) 57( 3.15)
 College graduate or above 1437(28.44) 1409(98.55) 28( 1.45)
Smoke 1204(23.84) 1128(93.92) 76( 6.08) < 0.0001
Poverty Level < 0.001
 low income 1736(34.36) 1653(95.22) 83( 4.78)
 middle income 1647(32.59) 1580(96.16) 67( 3.84)
 high income 1670(33.05) 1637(98.34) 33( 1.66)
Alcohol User 3687(76.94) 3573(97.39) 114( 2.61) 0.01
Hypertension 1431(28.32) 1306(92.54) 125( 7.46) < 0.0001
Diabetes 680(13.46) 618(90.98) 62( 9.02) < 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2) 0.001
 18.5–25 1617(32) 1581(98.35) 36( 1.65)
 25–30 1625(32.16) 1570(97.01) 55( 2.99)
 >=30 1811(35.84) 1719(95.37) 92( 4.63)
MQIc.arm < 0.0001
 extremely low 734(14.53) 680(93.91) 54( 6.09)
 low 1059(20.96) 1010(96.21) 49( 3.79)
 normal 3260(64.52) 3180(97.87) 80( 2.13)
MQIc.app < 0.0001
 extremely low 751(14.86) 692(93.57) 59( 6.43)
 low 1118(22.13) 1078(97.02) 40( 2.98)
 normal 3184(63.01) 3100(97.72) 84( 2.28)
MQIc.total < 0.0001
 extremely low 1220(24.14) 1139(94.60) 81( 5.40)
 low 1035(20.48) 994(96.65) 41( 3.35)
 normal 2798(55.37) 2737(97.99) 61( 2.01)
Daily sitting time (hour) 0.07
 <4 1058(20.94) 1017(96.65) 41( 3.35)
 4 to < 6 1119(22.15) 1090(97.85) 29( 2.15)
 6 to 8 1591(31.49) 1517(95.83) 74( 4.17)
 >8 1285(25.43) 1246(97.31) 39( 2.69)
Physical Activity 0.06
 low 671(16.26) 649(97.87) 22( 2.13)
 moderate 682(16.53) 661(96.28) 21( 3.72)
 high 2773(67.21) 2691(97.73) 82( 2.27)