Table 3.
Hedonic Liking of Study Meals
| Across Participants | Group 1 Meal Kits | Group 2 No-prep | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entrée | Baseline N = 70 |
Follow-up N = 66 |
Baseline N = 35 |
Follow-up N = 35 |
Baseline N = 35 |
Follow-up N = 31 |
||
| All Entrees | Average rating across all entrees | 7.2 ± 1 | 7.2 ± 1 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 7.6 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 0.001*** |
| Breakfast Entrees | Average rating across breakfast entrees | 7.2 ± 1 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 0.113 |
| Turkey sausage bowl$ | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7.8 ± 0.8 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 2 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 0.905 | |
| Buttermilk waffles | 7.4 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 0.725 | |
| Turkey sausage burrito$ | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 0.899 | |
| Blueberry waffles | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 7.5 ± 2.1 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 0.824 | |
| Cinnamon french toast | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 7 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 0.054 | |
| Southwestern veggie burrito | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 0.033 | |
| Spinach and mozzarella flatbread$ | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 7 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.6 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | 0.059 | |
| Fire roasted salsa burrito$ | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 6.8 ± 2.2 | 0.251 | |
| Three cheese flatbread$ | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 0.613 | |
| Spinach scramble burrito$ | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 0.585 | |
| Tomatillo salsa verde burrito$ | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 7 ± 2 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 7 ± 1.8 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 0.270 | |
| Southwestern veggie bowl$ | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 7 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 6.7 ± 2.3 | 0.027 | |
| Chicken apple sausage burrito$ | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | 0.936 | |
| Tomatillo salsa verde bowl$ | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 2 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 2 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 0.037 | |
| Dinners Entrees | Average rating across dinner entrees | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.9 | < 0.001*** |
| Chicken teriyaki, brown rice, carrots | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 1 | 7.8 ± 1 | 6.7 ± 2 | < 0.001*** | |
| Chicken teriyaki, carrots, couscous | 7.5 ± 1.5 | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 2 | < 0.001*** | |
| Chicken tikka masala, quinoa, and broccoli | 7.3 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 0.150 | |
| Chimichurri chicken, brown rice, cauliflower | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 2.3 | < 0.001*** | |
| Beef teriyaki, brown rice, cauliflower, bell pepper | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 7 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 2.3 | 0.056 | |
| Chimichurri chicken, cauliflower, couscous | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 6.1 ± 2.5 | 0.003 | |
| Chicken tikka masala, red bell peppers, quinoa | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 1.4 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 2.3 | 0.012 | |
| Tikka masala zoodles, cauliflower, broccoli, brown rice | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 6 ± 2.2 | < 0.001*** | |
| Teriyaki pork, carrots, green beans, quinoa | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 6.9 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 2.5 | < 0.001*** | |
| Chimichurri beef, carrots, cauliflower, couscous | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 2 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.5 | 6.9 ± 1.6 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 0.032 | |
| Chimichurri zoodles, red bell peppers, brown rice | 7 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 7 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 7 ± 1.8 | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 0.001 | |
| Chimichurri beef, green peas, red bell peppers, couscous | 7 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 2.2 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 2 | 5.9 ± 2.5 | 0.040 | |
| Dijon zucchini noodles, cauliflower, red peppers, lentils | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 6 ± 2.1 | 0.001 | |
| Dijon pulled pork, green peas, carrots, quinoa | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 2.1 | 6.7 ± 2 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 2.4 | 0.001 | |
$ = The dollar sign indicates meals we had to purchase more of at the end of the study; Rating = 9-point bipolar hedonic liking scale, 1 = Dislike extremely, 9 = Like extremely, question order randomized to reduce risk of order effect; P-values shown are the original p-values before Bonferroni correction, however, assessing by each meal leads to 28 comparison tests and high risk for Type 1 error. Therefore, Bonferroni adjusted α is set at 0.00179 for each individual meal, meaning the null hypothesis should only be rejected if the p-value is < 0.00179. *** = significant at p < .001