Table 3.
Core Gene Pathway Alterations and Association with Distal Metastasis
| Mutated pathway | KRASmut | KRASmut | KRASmut | KRASmut | KRASWT | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, n=595 | Tumor size ≤ 2cm, n=96 | Tumor size (2, 3cm], n=261 | Tumor size > 3cm/T4, n=238 | Overall, n=44 | ||||||
| Metastasis | P | Metastasis | P | Metastasis | P | Metastasis | P | Metastasis | P | |
| TP53 | ||||||||||
| WT | 37/212 (17.5%) | 1 | 1/35 (2.9%) | 1 | 16/95 (16.8%) | 1 | 20/82 (24.4%) | 1 | 3/33 (9.1%) | 1 |
| Missense | 57/257 (22.2%) | 0.203† | 8/39 (20.5%) | 0.030‡ | 23/103 (22.3%) | 0.332† | 25/114 (21.9%) | 0.686† | 0/9 | – |
| Truncating | 20/114 (17.5%) | 0.984† | 2/20 (10.0%) | 0.546‡ | 10/56 (17.9%) | 0.873† | 8/38 (21.1%) | 0.688† | 1/2 | – |
| Others* | 1/12 (8.3%) | 0.413‡ | 1/2 | – | 1/7 (14.3%) | 0.861‡ | 0/4 | – | None | – |
| Mutated | 78/383 (20.4%) | 0.389† | 11/61 (18.0%) | 0.030‡ | 34/166 (20.5%) | 0.472† | 33/156 (21.2%) | 0.568† | 1/11 (9.1%) | 1.000‡ |
| Cell cycle | ||||||||||
| WT | 92/485 (19.0%) | 1 | 10/82 (12.2%) | 1 | 36/206 (17.5%) | 1 | 46/197 (23.4%) | 1 | 4/41 (9.8%) | 1 |
| Mutated | 23/110 (20.9%) | 0.642† | 2/14 (14.3%) | 0.222‡ | 14/55 (25.5%) | 0.182† | 7/41 (17.1%) | 0.379† | 0/3 | – |
| TGFb | ||||||||||
| WT | 78/457 (17.1%) | 1 | 8/80 (10.0%) | 1 | 34/204 (16.7%) | 1 | 36/173 (20.8%) | 1 | 4/38 (10.5%) | 1 |
| Mutated | 37/138 (26.8%) | 0.011† | 4/16 (25.0%) | 0.098‡ | 16/57 (28.1%) | 0.053† | 17/65 (26.2%) | 0.377† | 0/6 | – |
| Mutated pathways | ||||||||||
| 0-1 | 75/424 (17.7%) | 1 | 7/75 (9.3%) | 1 | 30/182 (16.5%) | 1 | 38/167 (22.8%) | 1 | 4/39 (10.3%) | 1 |
| 2-3** | 40/171 (23.4%) | 0.111† | 5/21 (23.8%) | 0.076‡ | 20/79 (25.3%) | 0.096† | 15/71 (21.1%) | 0.782† | 0/5 | – |
| Trithorax | ||||||||||
| WT | 86/463 (18.6%) | 1 | 9/84 (10.7%) | 1 | 35/201 (17.4%) | 1 | 42/178 (23.6%) | 1 | 2/31 (6.5%) | 1 |
| Mutated | 29/132 (22.0%) | 0.384† | 3/12 (25.0%) | 0.162‡ | 15/60 (25.0%) | 0.190† | 11/60 (18.3%) | 0.397† | 2/13 (15.4%) | 0.570‡ |
| HRD | ||||||||||
| WT | 94/503 (18.7%) | 1 | 8/83 (9.6%) | 1 | 43/219 (19.6%) | 1 | 43/201 (21.4%) | 1 | 1/27 (3.7%) | 1 |
| Mutated | 21/92 (22.8%) | 0.355† | 4/13 (30.8%) | 0.032‡ | 7/42 (16.7%) | 0.654† | 10/37 (27.0) | 0.449† | 3/17 (17.6%) | 0.282‡ |
| MMRD | ||||||||||
| WT | 111/583 (19.0%) | 1 | 12/96 (12.5%) | 1 | 49/257 (19.1%) | 1 | 50/230 (21.7%) | 1 | 4/43 (9.3%) | 1 |
| Mutated | 4/12 (33.3%) | 0.215‡ | None | – | 1/4 (25.0%) | 0.575‡ | 3/8 (37.5%) | 0.292‡ | 0/1 | – |
*Other mutation subtypes included mixed cases, in-frame insertion or deletion and silent mutation
**Alterations of 2-3 pathways among TP53, cell cycle pathway and TGFb pathway; †Chi-squared test; ‡Fisher exact test