Table 3.
The associations of the quartile of serum carotenoids, relative to Quartile 1 with LAP
| Categories | Model1 | Model2 | Model3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95%CI) | β (95%CI) | β (95%CI) | ||
| α-carotene (ug/dL) | ||||
| Continuous | −8.52 (− 10.44, − 6.59) | −8.97 (− 11.13, − 6.81) | −4.47 (− 6.10, − 2.84) | |
| Q1 | < 1.40 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 1.40–2.70 | −12.25 (− 19.59, − 4.90) | −13.67 (− 21.18, − 6.15) | −10.46 (− 16.56, − 4.35) |
| Q3 | 2.70–5.00 | −17.54 (− 24.88, − 10.19) | −20.11 (− 27.56, − 12.66) | −14.49 (− 21.13, − 7.85) |
| Q4 | ≥ 5.00 | −27.71 (− 34.36, − 21.06) | −30.63 (− 37.71, − 23.54) | −19.40 (− 25.47, − 13.32) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| β-carotene (ug/dL) | ||||
| Continuous | −10.46 (− 13.49, − 7.43) | −11.98 (− 15.57, − 8.39) | −6.18 (− 8.13, − 4.22) | |
| Q1 | < 7.50 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 7.50–12.89 | −18.45 (− 25.51, − 11.38) | −19.52 (− 26.63, − 12.41) | −14.50 (− 21.00, − 7.99) |
| Q3 | 12.89–23.30 | −21.99 (− 28.51, − 15.46) | −25.67 (− 32.11, − 19.23) | −18.84 (− 24.33, − 13.35) |
| Q4 | > 23.30 | −37.83 (− 43.99, − 31.67) | −44.69 (− 51.25, − 38.13) | −29.21 (− 35.21, − 23.22) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| β-cryptoxanthin (ug/dL) | ||||
| Continuous | −8.56 (− 11.19, − 5.92) | −8.71 (− 11.42, − 5.99) | −4.87 (− 7.05, − 2.69) | |
| Q1 | < 4.80 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 4.80–7.70 | −12.11 (− 20.06, − 4.17) | −11.32 (− 19.19, − 3.46) | −8.55 (− 14.71, − 2.40) |
| Q3 | 7.70–12.70 | −17.88 (− 24.71, − 11.04) | −17.58 (− 24.07, − 11.09) | −10.72 (− 16.28, − 5.15) |
| Q4 | > 12.70 | −24.4 (− 30.58, − 18.23) | −24.83 (− 30.91, − 18.75) | −13.82 (− 19.59, − 8.05) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Lutein/zeaxanthin (ug/dL) | ||||
| Continuous | −4.94 (− 7.31, − 2.57) | −6.88 (− 9.26, − 4.51) | −4.29 (− 6.35, − 2.22) | |
| Q1 | < 10.46 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 10.46–14.50 | −2.2 (− 9.00, 4.61) | −3.63 (− 10.25, 2.98) | −2.76 (− 7.82, 2.31) |
| Q3 | 14.50–20.10 | −10.17 (− 15.38, − 4.97) | −12.78 (− 17.71, − 7.85) | −9.00 (− 13.64, − 4.37) |
| Q4 | ≥ 20.10 | −10.39 (− 16.33, − 4.46) | −15.3 (− 21.00, − 9.60) | −10.11 (− 15.73, − 4.50) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Trans-lycopene (ug/dL) | ||||
| Continuous | −1.55 (− 4.01, 0.91) | −0.16 (− 2.74, 2.42) | −5.88 (− 8.62, − 3.13) | |
| Q1 | < 14.00 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Q2 | 14.00–20.11 | −9.74 (− 16.13, − 3.35) | −5.51 (− 11.88, 0.85) | −5.84 (− 12.49, 0.81) |
| Q3 | 20.11–28.23 | −8.04 (− 15.57, − 0.50) | −2.49 (− 10.37, 5.38) | −6.87 (− 14.42, 0.67) |
| Q4 | ≥ 28.23 | −8.55 (− 15.67, − 1.43) | −3.79 (− 11.20, 3.63) | −15.65 (− 24.09, − 7.21) |
| P for trend | 0.051 | 0.534 | < 0.001 |
Model 1: no cofounder; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex; Model 3: further adjusted for race, education level, marital status, alcohol intake, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, BMI, the family of poverty ratio, TC, hypertension, diabetes, and CVD.