Table 2.

Policy tracing and historical timeline of HRHIS-related development, initiatives, and key milestones (2000–2022)

Before 2000 Pre-formation Phase	2000–2004 Formation Phase	2005–2010 Inception Phase	2011–2015 Evaluation Phase	2016–2022 Alignment Phase
Alma Ata Declaration (1978) of Health for All	WHO Rapid Assessment of Human Resources for Health (2004)	Management Sciences for Health (MSH) Human Resources Management Rapid Assessment Tool (2005)	Second Global Forum on HRH in Bangkok (2011)	HRH2030 (2016–2021)—USAID/PEPFAR global HRH project
Global Observatory for HRH data (1990)	Joint Learning Initiative Report: Overcoming the Crisis (2004)	Capacity and CapacityPlus (2004–2015), first USAID global HRH projects; developed and established iHRIS (open-source, web-based standards); launched HRH Action Framework (2009)	Third Global Forum on HRH in Recife (2013); 68 countries vow to improve HRH	Global Strategy on HRH: Workforce 2030 (WHA 69.19—2016), which accelerated results for NHWA and report on Global Health Observatory
WISN developed (1998)	PEPFAR launched in 2003; limited effectiveness without data about health workers, leading to the first global HRH project	World Health Report 2006 describes crisis in health workforce	WHA 67 adapted Recife Declaration (May 2014)	High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Group Report (UN High Commission Report on investing in health workers and need for information, 2016)
		First Global Forum on HRH in Kampala (2008)		Fourth Global Forum on HRH in Dublin (2017)—launch of the NHWA
		DHIS2 first release, 2008 by HISP; open source, web-based for service statistics		Working for Health 2017–2021 Action Plan
				Working for Health 2022–2030 Action Plan