Table 4.
Common opioid-related side effects (sedative effect, nausea/vomiting, and pruritus)
| Variables | Group M (n=30) | Group B (n=30) | Group C (n=30) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedative effect | ||||
| Having sedative event within 48 h, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Pruritus | ||||
| Having pruritus within 48 h post-operation, n (%) | 3 (10) | 2 (6.6) | 0 | 0.227 |
| No symptom | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Having symptom without treatment | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0.227 |
| Having symptom with treatment | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Nausea/Vomiting | ||||
| Having nausea/vomiting within 48 h post-operation, n (%) | 11 (36.7) | 10 (33.3) | 9 (30) | 0.861 |
| No symptom | 1 (9.1) | 1 (10) | 1 (11.1) | 0.840 |
| Having symptom without treatment | 7(63.6) | 4 (40) | 4 (44.4) | 0.840 |
| Having symptom with treatment | 3 (27.3) | 5 (50) | 4 (44.4) | 0.840 |
| Urinary retention | ||||
| 48 h incidence | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Re-insertion of urinary catheter | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
aChi-squared test or Fisher’s exact tests