Table 2.

Critical care interventions and services provided

Category	n (%)
Respiratory interventions	1240 (20.0)
Mechanical ventilation, invasive	439 (7.0)
Support of respiratory insufficiency/failure	351 (5.6)
Mechanical ventilation, non-invasive	133 (2.1)
Advanced invasive airway management, non-surgical	99 (1.6)
Oxygen delivery, simple (face mask, nasal prongs)	86 (1.4)
Non-invasive airway management	67 (1.1)
Advanced surgical airway management	53(0.8)
Oxygen delivery, high flow	12 (0.2)
Diagnostic modalities	927 (15.0)
Laboratory and other rapid results reporting, including point-of-care diagnostics	309 (4.9)
Microbiology and other infectious rapid results reporting	207 (3.3)
Utilisation of targeted diagnostic strategy to establish timely etiology in critical illness	152 (2.5)
Basic radiography	107 (1.7)
Critical care ultrasound	74 (1.2)
Computed tomography	64 (1.0)
Magnetic resonance imaging	14 (0.2)
Interventions for haemodynamic instability/organ dysfunction	919 (15.0)
Support of haemodynamic instability and management of acute life-threatening organ dysfunction	267 (4.3)
Administration of vasopressors and inotropes	165 (2.6)
Intravenous fluid resuscitation	150 (2.4)
Blood product transfusion	117 (1.9)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic	59 (0.9)
Advanced cardiac life support resuscitation	46 (0.7)
Massive haemorrhage control	26 (0.4)
Advanced trauma resuscitation/ trauma care checklist	24 (0.4)
Advanced blood replacement therapies (e.g. plasmapheresis, plasma exchange, exchange transfusion)	22 (0.4)
Anti-arrhythmic medication administration	18 (0.3)
Targeted temperature management and hyperthermia/hypothermia management	16 (0.3)
Spinal immobilisation	7 (0.1)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	2 (0.03)
Nursing and close monitoring	787 (13.0)
Frequent monitoring, surveillance and recording of clinical parameters	358 (5.7)
Acuity-based triage/performance of focused assessment for critical illness state	263 (4.2)
Critical care nursing services	130 (2.1)
Titration of advanced parenteral therapeutics	22 (0.4)
Foetal monitoring	14 (0.2)
Additional targeted therapies	747 (11.9)
Antibiotic administration in critical illness	244 (3.9)
Monitoring and treatment of critical electrolyte/metabolic/acid-base derangements	133 (2.1)
Renal replacement therapy	107 (1.7)
Treatment of severe infections other than intravenous fluids and antibiotics	65 (1.0)
Emergent poisoning detoxification/antidote	60 (1.0)
Nutrition management in critically ill/injured patients	50 (0.8)
Provision of prophylaxis associated with critical illness	29 (0.5)
Acute reperfusion therapy, cardiac	28 (0.5)
Advanced burn care	27 (0.4)
Acute reperfusion therapy, Venous thromboembolism	4 (0.1)
Multi-system processes	661 (11.0)
Critical care triage/care pathways systems, clinical illness severity and/or risk stratification	403 (6.4)
Coordination of specialist services for multi-system illness	105 (1.7)
Prognosis-based advanced care planning	83 (1.3)
Health information systems	49 (7.8)
Critical care level crisis management	21 (0.3)
Neurological interventions	233 (3.7)
Acute medical stabilisation of critical neurologic illness	114 (1.8)
Analgesia and sedation	66 (1.1)
Acute surgical stabilisation of critical neurologic illness	37 (0.6)
Acute management of agitation/delirium	11 (0.2)
Acute reperfusion therapy, neurologic	5 (0.08)
Obstetrical care	141 (2.2)
Obstetric critical care	141 (2.2)
Other invasive procedures	133 (2.1)
Advanced vascular access (central venous catheters, arterial lines, pulmonary artery catheters)	81 (1.3)
Peripheral venous cannulation	34 (0.5)
Thoracic invasive procedures (thoracostomy, pleural drain placement, thoracentesis, pericardiocentesis, thoracotomy)	17 (0.3)
Intra-osseous access	1 (0.02)
Other	359 (5.7)
Critical care education and capacity building	318 (5.1)
Critical care pharmacy services	41 (0.7)
Other critical care intervention/service delivery	119 (1.9)

*Overlapping categories permitted.