Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Cohort by Baseline CAC Volume and Density.
| CAC Volume 0 mm3 (n=2972) |
CAC Volume 1–100 mm3 (n=1448) |
CAC Volume >100 mm3 (n=1177) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.49 (9.11) | 63.52 (9.86) | 69.11 (8.73) | <0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1879 (63.2) | 674 (46.5) | 403 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Race / ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Black, African-American | 900 (30.3) | 373 (25.8) | 255 (21.7) | |
| Chinese | 351 (11.8) | 212 (14.6) | 116 (9.9) | |
| Hispanic | 733 (24.7) | 315 (21.8) | 227 (19.3) | |
| White, Caucasian | 988 (33.2) | 548 (37.8) | 579 (49.2) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 978 (32.9) | 671 (46.3) | 666 (56.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 242 (8.1) | 169 (11.7) | 189 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 401 (13.5) | 198 (13.7) | 151 (12.8) | 0.800 |
| Hypertension medication use, n (%) | 773 (26.0) | 526 (36.3) | 542 (46.0) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 121.76 (20.34) | 128.46 (21.71) | 132.72 (21.41) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193.00 [171.00, 215.00] | 195.00 [175.00, 218.00] | 195.00 [173.00, 219.00] | 0.007 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 50.00 [42.00, 61.00] | 47.00 [39.00, 57.00] | 46.00 [39.00, 57.00] | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 116.00 [97.00, 136.00] | 122.00 [101.00, 140.00] | 120.00 [102.00, 142.00] | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 104.00 [73.00, 152.00] | 113.50 [82.00, 161.00] | 116.00 [80.00, 164.00] | <0.001 |
| apoB, mg/dL | 104.65 [88.77, 122.03] | 108.60 [93.25, 126.40] | 109.80 [94.55, 127.25] | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 140.00 [118.00, 163.00] | 147.00 [125.00, 168.00] | 147.00 [125.00, 169.00] | <0.001 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 18.10 [7.80, 40.32] | 17.00 [7.98, 37.40] | 15.30 [6.80, 38.50] | 0.062 |
| ASCVD 10-year risk score, % | 7.98 (9.18) | 14.71 (13.05) | 22.44 (14.58) | <0.001 |
| CAC Density 1–1.9 (n=344) |
CAC Density 2–2.9 (n=822) |
CAC Density 3–4 (n=1459) |
P | |
| Age, years | 61.04 (10.28) | 65.27 (9.90) | 67.63 (9.11) | <0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 155 (45.1) | 356 (43.3) | 566 (38.8) | 0.029 |
| Race / ethnicity, n (%) | 0.016 | |||
| Black, African-American | 75 (21.8) | 194 (23.6) | 359 (24.6) | |
| Chinese | 44 (12.8) | 99 (12.0) | 185 (12.7) | |
| Hispanic | 77 (22.4) | 202 (24.6) | 263 (18.0) | |
| White, Caucasian | 148 (43.0) | 327 (39.8) | 652 (44.7) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 143 (41.6) | 429 (52.2) | 765 (52.4) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 42 (12.2) | 97 (11.8) | 219 (15.0) | 0.071 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 46 (13.4) | 112 (13.6) | 191 (13.1) | 0.936 |
| Hypertension medication use, n (%) | 110 (32.0) | 341 (41.5) | 617 (42.3) | 0.002 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126.82 (20.92) | 130.35 (21.71) | 131.22 (21.76) | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 197.00 [175.75, 219.25] | 197.00 [178.00, 220.00] | 194.00 [172.00, 218.00] | 0.078 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 46.00 [39.00, 55.25] | 46.00 [39.00, 57.00] | 47.00 [39.00, 58.00] | 0.510 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 124.00 [104.00, 141.00] | 123.00 [103.00, 142.00] | 119.00 [100.00, 140.00] | 0.025 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 117.00 [84.00, 167.25] | 115.50 [82.00, 160.00] | 113.00 [79.00, 162.00] | 0.597 |
| apoB, mg/dL | 110.80 [94.40, 130.60] | 110.60 [93.93, 127.38] | 107.70 [93.40, 125.50] | 0.122 |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 147.00 [128.00, 172.00] | 149.00 [126.00, 169.00] | 145.00 [124.00, 167.00] | 0.042 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 15.30 [6.73, 33.22] | 15.80 [7.30, 38.90] | 16.70 [7.70, 38.25] | 0.279 |
| ASCVD 10-year risk score, % | 12.84 (13.03) | 17.29 (14.07) | 19.93 (14.33) | <0.001 |
Data presented as n (%), mean (SD) or median [IQR].
Abbreviations: CAC, coronary artery calcium; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; apoB, apolipoprotein B; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.