Table 3.
Association of lipid biomarkers with yearly CAC progression.
| Short-Term Follow-Up | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agatston Score | Volume Score | Density Score | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Lp(a) | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.11 | 0.188 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.10 | 0.309 | 0.93 | 0.85, 1.01 | 0.088 |
| Lp(a) with adjustment for HDL-C and TG | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.12 | 0.106 | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.11 | 0.179 | 0.93 | 0.85, 1.01 | 0.094 |
| LDL-C | 1.20 | 1.13, 1.28 | <0.001 | 1.22 | 1.15, 1.30 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.04 | 0.354 |
| LDL-C with adjustment for HDL-C and TG | 1.19 | 1.12, 1.27 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 1.13, 1.28 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.88, 1.04 | 0.303 |
| HDL-C | 0.86 | 0.80, 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.84 | 0.79, 0.90 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.12 | 0.547 |
| TG | 1.14 | 1.08, 1.22 | <0.001 | 1.16 | 1.09, 1.24 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 0.97, 1.15 | 0.217 |
| Total cholesterol | 1.19 | 1.12, 1.26 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 1.13, 1.27 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.93, 1.10 | 0.794 |
| apoB (n=3,851) | 1.19 | 1.11, 1.28 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 1.13, 1.30 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.11 | 0.587 |
| Non-HDL-C | 1.25 | 1.17, 1.33 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 1.19, 1.35 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.91, 1.08 | 0.790 |
| Long-Term Follow-Up | |||||||||
| Agatston Score | Volume Score | Density Score | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Lp(a) | 1.11 | 1.02, 1.20 | 0.011 | 1.09 | 1.00, 1.18 | 0.043 | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.10 | 0.459 |
| Lp(a) with adjustment for HDL-C and TG | 1.13 | 1.05, 1.23 | 0.002 | 1.11 | 1.03, 1.21 | 0.010 | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.09 | 0.452 |
| LDL-C | 1.35 | 1.25, 1.46 | <0.001 | 1.38 | 1.27, 1.50 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.88, 1.18 | 0.792 |
| LDL-C with adjustment for HDL-C and TG | 1.33 | 1.22, 1.44 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.25, 1.47 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.88, 1.18 | 0.784 |
| HDL-C | 0.81 | 0.74, 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.73, 0.87 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.90, 1.20 | 0.604 |
| TG | 1.18 | 1.09, 1.27 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.13, 1.33 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.14 | 0.902 |
| Total cholesterol | 1.31 | 1.21, 1.42 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.24, 1.46 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.90, 1.20 | 0.568 |
| apoB (n=2,135) | 1.32 | 1.21, 1.44 | <0.001 | 1.36 | 1.24, 1.48 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.85, 1.15 | 0.875 |
| Non-HDL-C | 1.40 | 1.29, 1.51 | <0.001 | 1.44 | 1.33, 1.57 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.88, 1.17 | 0.825 |
All lipid biomarkers were ln-transformed. OR and beta coefficients are presented per standard deviation. Models included individual biomarkers + CVD risk factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, SBP, DM, smoking, hypertension treatment); For Lp(a) and LDL-C, models with additional adjustment for HDL-C and TG are shown. Models for density are adjusted for baseline volume. Abbreviations: ApoB, apolipoprotein B; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); OR, odds ratio; TG, triglycerides.