Table 7.

Effects of sleep quality on depressive symptoms depending on soccer participation (n = 296).

Selection variable	Dependent variable	Independent variables	Unstandardized coefficients		β	t	VIF	D-W	R 2	F
			B	Standard error
Soccer participants (n = 172)	PHQ-9	Constant	−0.151	0.066		−2.284		2.024	0.357	12.993***
		Perceived sleep quality	0.105	0.049	0.167	2.138	1.550
		Sleep latency	0.060	0.028	0.145	2.119	1.190
		Sleep duration	−0.010	0.029	−0.022	−0.328	1.103
		Sleep efficiency	0.033	0.038	0.057	0.862	1.119
		Sleep disturbance	0.184	0.059	0.217	3.100**	1.246
		Use of sleep medication	0.134	0.072	0.130	1.861	1.239
		Daytime dysfunction	0.117	0.035	0.245	3.319***	1.394
Exercise non-participants (n = 124)	PHQ-9	Constant	−0.065	0.123		−0.524		2.129	0.415	11.632***
		Perceived sleep quality	0.169	0.059	0.297	2.884**	2.091
		Sleep latency	0.068	0.044	0.132	1.547	1.421
		Sleep duration	−0.008	0.039	−0.016	−0.208	1.156
		Sleep efficiency	−0.097	0.064	−0.112	−1.506	1.087
		Sleep disturbance	0.243	0.093	0.204	2.615**	1.195
		Use of sleep medication	0.201	0.075	0.206	2.684**	1.161
		Daytime dysfunction	0.078	0.049	0.143	1.588	1.581

^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.