| Diaspora entrepreneur |
‘Forever’ immigrants settled in a country other than their country of origin, who have a cultural understanding of both their host and home country and engage in business. |
Osaghae and Cooney (2020)
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| Ethnic entrepreneur |
Individuals with similar national backgrounds or migration experiences who establish a business in their new host country.
Thandi and Dini (2010) blend the term with immigrant entrepreneur, referring to immigrant/ethnic throughout the article. Self-employed migrants. |
Birdthistle (2019);
Lazaridis and Koumandraki (2003);
Thandi and Dini (2010)
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| Immigrant entrepreneur |
Business owner/founder born outside the host country. Some authors stress non-Western origin. Some studies only focus on new technology-based firms or food business. Some studies include both first and second generation. |
Abbasian and Yazdanfar (2015),
Bolzani and Boari (2018),
Glinka and Hensel (2020),
Murphy et al. (2020),
Širec and Tominc (2017),
Yazdanfar et al. (2015)
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| Migrant entrepreneur |
A person who moves to another country and establishes a business; born abroad or parents board abroad and establish/manage new venture. Szczygiel qualifies with at least two years residency in the host country. |
Berntsen et al. (2021),
Solano (2021),
Szczygiel et al. (2020)
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| New migrant entrepreneurs |
Arrived at host country within last 25 years who aim to succeed at business. |
Hagos et al. (2019)
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| Refugee entrepreneur |
Authors imply forced migration/fleeing dangerous conditions and seeking to establish/establishing a business in the host country; they mention home-country conditions that impede building transnational business contacts compared with other migrant entrepreneurs. |
Barth and Zalkat (2021);
Embiricos (2020);
A. Harima, Freudenberg, and Halberstadt (2020);
Hartmann and Schilling (2018); Johnson and Shaw (2019);
Mawson and Kasem (2019);
A. D. Meister and R. Mauer (2019);
Nijhoff (2021);
Qin (2021)
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