Table 3.

Means ± Standard Deviations for the Cognitive and Motor Dual Task Costs of Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Controls as well as the Outcomes of the ANCOVA

							Repeated Measures ANCOVA
Condition	Letter Fluency Task (n) (easy)	Letter Fluency Task (n) (severe)	Reaction Time Task (s) (easy)	Reaction Time Task (s) (severe)	N-Back Task (n) (easy)	N-Back Task (n) (severe)	Condition × Group	Group	Condition
Cognitive performance (%)
Control(N = 28)	4.006± 20.681	2.097± 18.255	4.635± 10.497	5.672± 7.869	2.141± 7.332	−13.774± 78.047
							F1.47,60.43 = 1.724P = 0.193, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.040	F1,41 = 0.271P = 0.605, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.007	F1.47,60.43 = 0.526P = 0.539, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.013
Glaucoma (N = 18)	6.238± 17.746	3.407± 20.174	−1.920± 10.544	3.702± 6.876	−3.462± 11.994	9.035± 13.025
MTC (%)
Control(N = 26)	17.671± 8.349	20.736± 8.526	7.849± 6.869	11.290± 11.144	8.171± 7.429	13.736± 9.733
							F2.58,97.93 = 2.647 P = 0.062, ${\eta }_{\mathbf{p}}^2$ = 0.065	F1,38 = 2.221P = 0.144, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.055	F2.58,97.93 = 0.125P = 0.925, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ =0.003
Glaucoma (N = 17)	25.451± 12.096	31.394± 12.629	6.371± 9.572	11.174± 7.832	10.156± 5.063	16.482± 9.565
MTCCoV (%)
Control(N = 26)	−1.397± 18.134	0.781± 15.732	−5.234± 12.208	−3.119± 16.326	−0.719± 12.426	0.693± 11.809
							F3.03,115.22 = 3.006 P = 0.033, ${\eta }_{\mathbf{p}}^2$ = 0.073	F1,38 = 2.770 P = 0.104, ${\eta }_{\mathbf{p}}^2$ 0.068	F3.03,115.22 = 0.941P = 0.424, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.024
Glaucoma (N = 17)	12.361± 19.368	16.442± 15.587	−7.256± 11.753	−0.843± 11.497	1.321± 10.654	4.371± 13.745
Strid length (%)
Control(N = 27)	7.352± 4.865	7.893± 4.749	3.362± 3.790	3.101± 4.916	3.112± 3.677	4.646± 3.985
							F2.74,106.81 = 1.090P = 0.354, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.027	F1,39 = 0.192P = 0.664, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.005	F2.74,106.81 = 0.381P = 0.749, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$= 0.010
Glaucoma (N = 17)	8.899± 5.421	9.661± 6.443	2.423± 2.723	1.744± 2.598	3.076± 3.602	4.906± 5.885
Stride lengthCoV (%)
Control(N = 27)	−7.777± 12.596	−11.620± 14.006	−14.173± 14.603	−10.578± 21.010	−10.517± 13.900	−11.923± 16.952
							F3.04,118.64 = 0.695P = 0.559, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.018	F1,39 = 0.116P = 0.735, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.003	F3.04,118.64 = 3.904 P = 0.010, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.091
Glaucoma (N = 17)	−14.696± 14.225	−15.575± 14.042	−10.939± 9.339	−11.777± 10.523	−10.623± 9.914	−11.341± 12.820
Gait velocity (%)
Control(N = 27)	14.024± 10.082	15.598± 10.096	4.752± 6.962	4.975± 9.097	4.198± 7.314	7.365± 8.675
							F2.52,98.10 = 1.018P = 0.379, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.025	F1,39 = 0.288P = 0.595, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.007	F2.52,98.10 = 0.108P = 0.993, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.003
Glaucoma (N = 17)	16.220± 10.771	19.149± 14.464	2.875± 5.869	1.726± 6.529	3.324± 5.323	6.767± 9.672
Gait velocityCoV (%)
Control(N = 27)	−7.012± 11.200	−10.689± 10.875	−12.721± 11.003	−9.476± 16.809	−12.279± 13.979	−12.279± 15.680
							F2.77,107.90 = 0.980P = 0.400, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.025	F1,39 = 0.398P = 0.532, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.010	F2.77,107.90 = 3.814 P = 0.014, ${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2$ = 0.089
Glaucoma (N = 17)	−8.995± 13.613	−10.785± 13.723	−14.363± 8.729	−16.027± 9.927	−14.027± 8.972	−13.512± 10.662

Significant differences and differences based on effect sizes are presented in bold.