Table 2:

Existing research on language congruent care outcomes, quality improvement and implementation, with examples of similar strategies to improve healthcare associated infection outcomes.

Study	Intervention/Observation	Outcome	Potential Application
Parker et al44	Latino patients with EEP changed from language incongruent provider to language congruent provider	10% improvement in glycemic control	Improving diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives to recruit and support bilingual providers and healthcare workers
Rajbhandari et al45	Improved identification of families with EEP and standardize interpreter services and documentation	Improvement in interpreter use from 64% to 97% of inpatient admissions	Include language preference in admission documentation and standardize interpreter use during hospitalization
Karliner et al36	Provided bedside dual-handset interpreter phones to all patients with EEP	Decrease in readmissions among patients with EEP during intervention period	Provide interpreter phones to all patients with EEP on contact/airborne/ respiratory precautions
Johnston et al46	In-office interpreters for visits and interpreters contacting patients prior to appointments	Decrease in no-show rate and decrease in office visit length when in person interpreter was used	Interpreters call patients with EEP who are high-risk for HAI (surgical site or device) after discharge and utilize interpreters in follow up appointments
Jang et al47, Lion et al48	Families with EEP randomized to either English or language congruent written (Jang) or recorded (Lion) instructions in addition to language congruent verbal instructions	High satisfaction, acceptability and feasibility of language congruent written or audio instructions	Providing multilingual templates for post-operative or device care instructions