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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 1. Primary Analysis Cohort (Region=Northeast), Patient Characteristics Pre/Post Match.

Region=Northeast Unmatched Region=Northeast Matched
All BP Non-users BP Users p-value All BP Non-users BP Users p-value
N % N % N % N % N % N %
All Patients 2,152,560 100.00% 2,032,832 94.40% 119,728 5.60% 238,988 100.00% 119,494 50.00% 119,494 50.00%
Age
 ≤20 363,637 16.90% 363,401 17.90% 236 0.20% <0.001 474 0.20% 238 0.20% 236 0.20% 1
 21-40 397,377 18.50% 396,613 19.50% 764 0.60% 1,528 0.60% 764 0.60% 764 0.60%
 41-50 261,570 12.20% 259,528 12.80% 2,042 1.70% 4,084 1.70% 2,042 1.70% 2,042 1.70%
 51-60 372,238 17.30% 354,228 17.40% 18,010 15.00% 36,020 15.10% 18,010 15.10% 18,010 15.10%
 61-70 354,331 16.50% 313,237 15.40% 41,094 34.30% 82,233 34.40% 41,139 34.40% 41,094 34.40%
 71-80 252,712 11.70% 215,151 10.60% 37,561 31.40% 74,831 31.30% 37,393 31.30% 37,438 31.30%
 ≥81 150,695 7.00% 130,674 6.40% 20,021 16.70% 39,818 16.70% 19,908 16.70% 19,910 16.70%
Gender
 Female 1,275,611 59.30% 1,167,241 57.40% 108,370 90.50% <0.001 216,273 90.50% 108,137 90.50% 108,136 90.50% 0.99
 Male 876,949 40.70% 865,591 42.60% 11,358 9.50% 22,715 9.50% 11,357 9.50% 11,358 9.50%
Insurance
 Commercial 1,050,795 48.80% 1,017,502 50.10% 33,293 27.80% <0.001 66,552 27.80% 33,259 27.80% 33,293 27.90% 0.99
 Dual 47,773 2.20% 40,168 2.00% 7,605 6.40% 15,114 6.30% 7,576 6.30% 7,538 6.30%
 Medicaid 631,863 29.40% 608,649 29.90% 23,214 19.40% 46,094 19.30% 23,047 19.30% 23,047 19.30%
 Medicare 422,129 19.60% 366,513 18.00% 55,616 46.50% 111,228 46.50% 55,612 46.50% 55,616 46.50%
PCP Visit 2019
 No 1,212,394 56.30% 1,162,527 57.20% 49,867 41.70% <0.001 99,741 41.70% 49,874 41.70% 49,867 41.70% 0.98
 Yes 940,166 43.70% 870,305 42.80% 69,861 58.30% 139,247 58.30% 69,620 58.30% 69,627 58.30%
Continuous Outcomes
mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value
CCI 0.67 1.42 0.65 1.4 0.93 1.71 <0.001 0.93 1.71 0.93 1.71 0.93 1.71 0.96

BP: bisphosphonate; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; PCP: primary care physician; SD: standard deviation.