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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 11. Unadjusted COVID-19-Related Outcomes Stratified by Age, Sex, & Age by Sex; Matched Primary Analysis Cohort, Region=New York State.

Region=New York State Matched
All SARS-CoV-2 Test COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 Hospitalization
N % N % OR p-value N % OR p-value N % OR p-value
LL UL LL UL LL UL
All Patients 99,724 100.0% 3,598 3.6% 3,607 3.6% 622 0.6%
BP User 49,862 50.0% 772 1.5% 0.26 <0.001 811 1.6% 0.28 <0.001 136 0.3% 0.28 <0.001
BP Non-user 49,862 50.0% 2,826 5.7% 0.24 0.28 2,796 5.6% 0.26 0.30 486 1.0% 0.23 0.34
By Age
Age ≤20 102 100.0% 4 3.9% 2 2.0% 1 1.0%
BP User 50 49.0% 2 4.0% 1.04 1.00 1 2.0% 1.04 1.00 1 2.0% NA NA
BP Non-user 52 51.0% 2 3.8% 0.14 7.69 1 1.9% 0.06 17.11 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 453 100.0% 21 4.6% 15 3.3% 1 0.2%
BP User 228 50.3% 3 1.3% 0.15 <0.001 2 0.9% 0.14 0.004 1 0.4% NA NA
BP Non-user 225 49.7% 18 8.0% 0.04 0.53 13 5.8% 0.03 0.65 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 41-50 1,311 100.0% 77 5.9% 36 2.7% 4 0.3%
BP User 655 50.0% 22 3.4% 0.38 <0.001 8 1.2% 0.28 <0.001 1 0.2% 0.33 0.62
BP Non-user 656 50.0% 55 8.4% 0.23 0.63 28 4.3% 0.13 0.61 3 0.5% 0.03 3.21
Age 51-60 12,732 100.0% 688 5.4% 527 4.1% 58 0.5%
BP User 6,364 50.0% 155 2.4% 0.27 <0.001 118 1.9% 0.28 <0.001 17 0.3% 0.41 0.002
BP Non-user 6,368 50.0% 533 8.4% 0.23 0.33 409 6.4% 0.22 0.34 41 0.6% 0.23 0.73
Age 61-70 32,265 100.0% 1,294 4.0% 1,150 3.6% 141 0.4%
BP User 16,136 50.0% 277 1.7% 0.26 <0.001 267 1.7% 0.29 <0.001 27 0.2% 0.24 <0.001
BP Non-user 16,129 50.0% 1,017 6.3% 0.23 0.30 883 5.5% 0.25 0.33 114 0.7% 0.15 0.36
Age 71-80 34,693 100.0% 957 2.8% 1,196 3.4% 240 0.7%
BP User 17,341 50.0% 204 1.2% 0.26 <0.001 257 1.5% 0.26 <0.001 45 0.3% 0.23 <0.001
BP Non-user 17,352 50.0% 753 4.3% 0.22 0.31 939 5.4% 0.23 0.30 195 1.1% 0.17 0.32
Age ≥81 18,168 100.0% 557 3.1% 681 3.7% 177 1.0%
BP User 9,088 50.0% 109 1.2% 0.23 <0.001 158 1.7% 0.29 <0.001 44 0.5% 0.33 <0.001
BP Non-user 9,080 50.0% 448 4.9% 0.19 0.29 523 5.8% 0.24 0.35 133 1.5% 0.23 0.46
Female Patients 90,567 100.0% 3,255 3.6% 3,235 3.6% 537 0.6%
BP User 45,285 50.0% 687 1.5% 0.26 <0.001 726 1.6% 0.28 <0.001 108 0.2% 0.25 <0.001
BP Non-user 45,282 50.0% 2,568 5.7% 0.24 0.28 2,509 5.5% 0.26 0.30 429 0.9% 0.20 0.31
By Age
Age ≤20 33 100.0% 0 0.0% 1 3.0% 1 3.0%
BP User 16 48.5% 0 0.0% NA NA 1 6.3% NA NA 1 6.3% NA NA
BP Non-user 17 51.5% 0 0.0% NA NA 0 0.0% NA NA 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 261 100.0% 16 6.1% 8 3.1% 1 0.4%
BP User 132 50.6% 2 1.5% 0.13 0.002 2 1.5% 0.32 0.17 1 0.8% NA NA
BP Non-user 129 49.4% 14 10.9% 0.03 0.57 6 4.7% 0.06 1.59 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 41-50 1,032 100.0% 58 5.6% 28 2.7% 3 0.3%
BP User 516 50.0% 18 3.5% 0.43 0.003 7 1.4% 0.32 0.007 0 0.0% NA NA
BP Non-user 516 50.0% 40 7.8% 0.24 0.76 21 4.1% 0.14 0.77 3 0.6% NA NA
Age 51-60 11,699 100.0% 637 5.4% 482 4.1% 47 0.4%
BP User 5,849 50.0% 138 2.4% 0.26 <0.001 110 1.9% 0.28 <0.001 14 0.2% 0.42 0.006
BP Non-user 5,850 50.0% 499 8.5% 0.21 0.31 372 6.4% 0.23 0.35 33 0.6% 0.23 0.79
Age 61-70 30,115 100.0% 1,204 4.0% 1,070 3.6% 126 0.4%
BP User 15,060 50.0% 257 1.7% 0.26 <0.001 248 1.6% 0.29 <0.001 23 0.2% 0.22 <0.001
BP Non-user 15,055 50.0% 947 6.3% 0.22 0.30 822 5.5% 0.25 0.33 103 0.7% 0.14 0.35
Age 71-80 31,385 100.0% 858 2.7% 1,052 3.4% 208 0.7%
BP User 15,688 50.0% 176 1.1% 0.25 <0.001 221 1.4% 0.26 <0.001 33 0.2% 0.19 <0.001
BP Non-user 15,697 50.0% 682 4.3% 0.21 0.30 831 5.3% 0.22 0.30 175 1.1% 0.13 0.27
Age ≥81 16,042 100.0% 482 3.0% 594 3.7% 151 0.9%
BP User 8,024 50.0% 96 1.2% 0.24 <0.001 137 1.7% 0.29 <0.001 36 0.4% 0.31 <0.001
BP Non-user 8,018 50.0% 386 4.8% 0.19 0.30 457 5.7% 0.24 0.35 115 1.4% 0.21 0.45
Male Patients 9,157 100.0% 343 3.7% 372 4.1% 85 0.9%
BP User 4,577 50.0% 85 1.9% 0.32 <0.001 85 1.9% 0.28 <0.001 28 0.6% 0.49 0.002
BP Non-user 4,580 50.0% 258 5.6% 0.25 0.41 287 6.3% 0.22 0.36 57 1.2% 0.31 0.77
By Age
Age ≤20 69 100.0% 4 5.8% 1 1.4% 0 0.0%
BP User 34 49.3% 2 5.9% 1.03 1.00 0 0.0% NA NA 0 0.0% NA NA
BP Non-user 35 50.7% 2 5.7% 0.14 7.77 1 2.9% NA NA 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 192 100.0% 5 2.6% 7 3.6% 0 0.0%
BP User 96 50.0% 1 1.0% 0.24 0.37 0 0.0% NA NA 0 0.0% NA NA
BP Non-user 96 50.0% 4 4.2% 0.03 2.21 7 7.3% NA NA 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 41-50 279 100.0% 19 6.8% 8 2.9% 1 0.4%
BP User 139 49.8% 4 2.9% 0.25 0.02 1 0.7% 0.14 0.07 1 0.7% NA NA
BP Non-user 140 50.2% 15 10.7% 0.08 0.76 7 5.0% 0.02 1.13 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 51-60 1,033 100.0% 51 4.9% 45 4.4% 11 1.1%
BP User 515 49.9% 17 3.3% 0.49 0.02 8 1.6% 0.21 <0.001 3 0.6% 0.37 0.22
BP Non-user 518 50.1% 34 6.6% 0.27 0.88 37 7.1% 0.09 0.44 8 1.5% 0.10 1.42
Age 61-70 2,150 100.0% 90 4.2% 80 3.7% 15 0.7%
BP User 1,076 50.0% 20 1.9% 0.27 <0.001 19 1.8% 0.30 <0.001 4 0.4% 0.36 0.08
BP Non-user 1,074 50.0% 70 6.5% 0.16 0.45 61 5.7% 0.18 0.50 11 1.0% 0.11 1.14
Age 71-80 3,308 100.0% 99 3.0% 144 4.4% 32 1.0%
BP User 1,653 50.0% 28 1.7% 0.38 <0.001 36 2.2% 0.32 <0.001 12 0.7% 0.60 0.16
BP Non-user 1,655 50.0% 71 4.3% 0.25 0.60 108 6.5% 0.22 0.47 20 1.2% 0.29 1.23
Age ≥81 2,126 100.0% 75 3.5% 87 4.1% 26 1.2%
BP User 1,064 50.0% 13 1.2% 0.20 <0.001 21 2.0% 0.30 <0.001 8 0.8% 0.44 0.05
BP Non-user 1,062 50.0% 62 5.8% 0.11 0.37 66 6.2% 0.18 0.50 18 1.7% 0.19 1.02

BP: bisphosphonate; LL: lower 95% confidence interval level; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio; UL: upper 95% confidence interval level.