Appendix 2—table 14. Antihypertensive Use Sensitivity Analysis, Unadjusted/Adjusted Odds Ratio for COVID-19-Related Outcomes, Stratified by Region and New York State.
| Odds of SARS-CoV-2 Test | Odds of COVID-19 Diagnosis | Odds of COVID-19 Hospitalization | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antihypertensive Users versus Non-users | |||||||||||||
| OR | LL | UL | p value | OR | LL | UL | p value | OR | LL | UL | p value | ||
| All | Unadjusted | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.87 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.17 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.76 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.10 | |
| Northeast | Unadjusted | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.87 | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.85 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.25 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.83 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.73 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 0.10 | |
| Midwest | Unadjusted | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.10 | <0.001 | 1.28 | 1.20 | 1.36 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.19 | 0.002 | |
| South | Unadjusted | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.94 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.90 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.07 | 0.58 |
| Adjusted | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.94 | <0.001 | |
| West | Unadjusted | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.78 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.83 |
| Adjusted | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.67 | <0.001 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.90 | <0.001 | |
| New York | Unadjusted | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.94 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.92 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.31 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.77 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.70 | |
| BP Users versus BP Non-users among Antihypertensive Users | |||||||||||||
| OR | LL | UL | p value | OR | LL | UL | p value | OR | LL | UL | p value | ||
| All | Unadjusted | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.24 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.29 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.24 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.30 | <0.001 | |
| Northeast | Unadjusted | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.34 | <0.001 | |
| Midwest | Unadjusted | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.29 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.35 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.30 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.35 | <0.001 | |
| South | Unadjusted | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.32 | <0.001 | |
| West | Unadjusted | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.31 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.33 | <0.001 | |
| New York | Unadjusted | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.29 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.33 | <0.001 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.38 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.29 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.34 | <0.001 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.44 | <0.001 | |
| BP Users versus BP Non-users among Antihypertensive Non-users | |||||||||||||
| OR | LL | UL | p value | OR | LL | UL | p value | OR | LL | UL | p value | ||
| All | Unadjusted | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.24 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.32 | <0.001 | |
| Northeast | Unadjusted | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.24 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.31 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.28 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.40 | <0.001 | |
| Midwest | Unadjusted | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.31 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.42 | <0.001 | |
| South | Unadjusted | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.41 | <0.001 | |
| West | Unadjusted | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.24 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.22 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.32 | <0.001 | |
| New York | Unadjusted | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.29 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.36 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.32 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.43 | <0.001 | |
LL: lower 95% confidence interval level; OR: odds ratio; UL: upper 95% confidence interval level.