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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 2. Primary Analysis Cohort (Region=Midwest), Patient Characteristics Pre/Post Match.

Region=Midwest Unmatched Region=Midwest Matched
All BP Non-users BP Users p-value All BP Non-users BP Users p-value
N % N % N % N % N % N %
All Patients 1,467,802 100.0% 1,391,835 94.8% 75,967 5.2% 151,802 100.0% 75,901 50.0% 75,901 50.0%
Age
 ≤20 310,027 21.1% 309,759 22.3% 268 0.4% <0.001 537 0.4% 269 0.4% 268 0.4% 1.00
 21-40 287,236 19.6% 286,643 20.6% 593 0.8% 1,188 0.8% 595 0.8% 593 0.8%
 41-50 185,240 12.6% 183,556 13.2% 1,684 2.2% 3,367 2.2% 1,683 2.2% 1,684 2.2%
 51-60 246,230 16.8% 233,992 16.8% 12,238 16.1% 24,478 16.1% 12,240 16.1% 12,238 16.1%
 61-70 224,668 15.3% 196,172 14.1% 28,496 37.5% 56,991 37.5% 28,495 37.5% 28,496 37.5%
 71-80 130,563 8.9% 109,442 7.9% 21,121 27.8% 42,153 27.8% 21,075 27.8% 21,078 27.8%
 ≥81 83,838 5.7% 72,271 5.2% 11,567 15.2% 23,088 15.2% 11,544 15.2% 11,544 15.2%
Gender
 Female 863,156 58.8% 794,578 57.1% 68,578 90.3% <0.001 137,028 90.3% 68,516 90.3% 68,512 90.3% 0.97
 Male 604,646 41.2% 597,257 42.9% 7,389 9.7% 14,774 9.7% 7,385 9.7% 7,389 9.7%
Insurance
 Commercial 885,651 60.3% 854,518 61.4% 31,133 41.0% <0.001 62,243 41.0% 31,110 41.0% 31,133 41.0% 1.00
 Dual 28,190 1.9% 24,584 1.8% 3,606 4.7% 7,211 4.8% 3,605 4.7% 3,606 4.8%
 Medicaid 318,596 21.7% 310,473 22.3% 8,123 10.7% 16,136 10.6% 8,079 10.6% 8,057 10.6%
 Medicare 235,365 16.0% 202,260 14.5% 33,105 43.6% 66,212 43.6% 33,107 43.6% 33,105 43.6%
PCP Visit 2019
 No 711,308 48.5% 682,601 49.0% 28,707 37.8% <0.001 57,398 37.8% 28,691 37.8% 28,707 37.8% 0.93
 Yes 756,494 51.5% 709,234 51.0% 47,260 62.2% 94,404 62.2% 47,210 62.2% 47,194 62.2%
Continuous Outcomes
mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value
CCI 0.59 1.37 0.56 1.34 0.99 1.86 <0.001 0.99 1.86 0.99 1.85 1.00 1.86 0.77

BP: bisphosphonate; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; PCP: primary care physician; SD: standard deviation.