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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 36. Antidiabetic Cohort (All Regions), Patient Characteristics Pre/Post Match.

All Observations by Antidiabetic Use: Unmatched All Observations by Antidiabetic Use: Matched
All DIAB Non-users DIAB Users p-value All DIAB Non-users DIAB Users p-value
N % N % N % N % N % N %
All Patients 7,906,603 100.0% 7,151,351 90.4% 755,252 9.6% 1,509,106 100.0% 754,553 50.0% 754,553 50.0%
Age
≤20 1,840,050 23.3% 1,833,838 25.6% 6,212 0.8% <0.001 12,422 0.8% 6,211 0.8% 6,211 0.8% 1.00
21-40 1,446,999 18.3% 1,389,243 19.4% 57,756 7.6% 115,448 7.7% 57,723 7.6% 57,725 7.7%
41-50 925,309 11.7% 833,333 11.7% 91,976 12.2% 183,810 12.2% 91,905 12.2% 91,905 12.2%
51-60 1,250,190 15.8% 1,058,878 14.8% 191,312 25.3% 382,390 25.3% 191,196 25.3% 191,194 25.3%
61-70 1,181,261 14.9% 973,670 13.6% 207,591 27.5% 414,869 27.5% 207,435 27.5% 207,434 27.5%
71-80 783,775 9.9% 645,256 9.0% 138,519 18.3% 276,619 18.3% 138,310 18.3% 138,309 18.3%
≥81 479,019 6.1% 417,133 5.8% 61,886 8.2% 123,548 8.2% 61,773 8.2% 61,775 8.2%
Gender
Female 4,670,960 59.1% 4,212,086 58.9% 458,874 60.8% <0.001 916,914 60.8% 458,455 60.8% 458,459 60.8% 0.99
Male 3,235,643 40.9% 2,939,265 41.1% 296,378 39.2% 592,192 39.2% 296,098 39.2% 296,094 39.2%
Region
Midwest 1,467,802 18.6% 1,333,631 18.6% 134,171 17.8% <0.001 268,044 17.8% 134,022 17.8% 134,022 17.8% 1.00
Northeast 2,152,560 27.2% 1,935,311 27.1% 217,249 28.8% 434,080 28.8% 217,040 28.8% 217,040 28.8%
South 3,042,604 38.5% 2,752,618 38.5% 289,986 38.4% 579,562 38.4% 289,781 38.4% 289,781 38.4%
West 1,243,637 15.7% 1,129,791 15.8% 113,846 15.1% 227,420 15.1% 113,710 15.1% 113,710 15.1%
Insurance
Commercial 3,938,603 49.8% 3,631,514 50.8% 307,089 40.7% <0.001 614,045 40.7% 307,022 40.7% 307,023 40.7% 1.00
Dual 156,497 2.0% 113,496 1.6% 43,001 5.7% 85,209 5.6% 42,603 5.6% 42,606 5.6%
Medicaid 2,594,500 32.8% 2,387,519 33.4% 206,981 27.4% 413,743 27.4% 206,875 27.4% 206,868 27.4%
Medicare 1,217,003 15.4% 1,018,822 14.2% 198,181 26.2% 396,109 26.2% 198,053 26.2% 198,056 26.2%
PCP Visit 2019
No 4,283,697 54.2% 4,030,804 56.4% 252,893 33.5% <0.001 505,500 33.5% 252,752 33.5% 252,748 33.5% 0.99
Yes 3,622,906 45.8% 3,120,547 43.6% 502,359 66.5% 1,003,606 66.5% 501,801 66.5% 501,805 66.5%
Continuous Outcomes
mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value
CCI 0.62 1.38 0.55 1.30 1.25 1.84 <0.001 1.24 1.82 1.24 1.82 1.24 1.82 0.99

CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; DIAB: antidiabetic; PCP: primary care physician; SD: standard deviation.