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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 38. Antidiabetic User Cohort (All Regions) by BP Use, Patient Characteristics Pre/Post Match of BP Users/Non users.

All Antidiabetic Users by BP: Unmatched All Antidiabetic Users by BP: Matched
All BP Non-user BP User p-value All BP Non-user BP User p-value
N % N % N % N % N % N %
All Patients 754,553 100.0% 674,024 89.3% 80,529 10.7% 159,000 100.0% 79,500 50.0% 79,500 50.0%
Age
≤20 6,211 0.8% 6,169 0.9% 42 0.1% <0.001 83 0.1% 41 0.1% 42 0.1% 1.00
21-40 57,725 7.7% 57,535 8.5% 190 0.2% 380 0.2% 190 0.2% 190 0.2%
41-50 91,905 12.2% 90,952 13.5% 953 1.2% 1,905 1.2% 952 1.2% 953 1.2%
51-60 191,194 25.3% 182,922 27.1% 8,272 10.3% 16,536 10.4% 8,268 10.4% 8,268 10.4%
61-70 207,434 27.5% 180,895 26.8% 26,539 33.0% 53,028 33.4% 26,512 33.3% 26,516 33.4%
71-80 138,309 18.3% 107,467 15.9% 30,842 38.3% 60,240 37.9% 30,121 37.9% 30,119 37.9%
≥81 61,775 8.2% 48,084 7.1% 13,691 17.0% 26,828 16.9% 13,416 16.9% 13,412 16.9%
Gender
Female 458,459 60.8% 386,400 57.3% 72,059 89.5% <0.001 142,068 89.4% 71,027 89.3% 71,041 89.4% 0.91
Male 296,094 39.2% 287,624 42.7% 8,470 10.5% 16,932 10.6% 8,473 10.7% 8,459 10.6%
Region
Midwest 134,022 17.8% 123,909 18.4% 10,113 12.6% <0.001 20,168 12.7% 10,084 12.7% 10,084 12.7% 1.00
Northeast 217,040 28.8% 196,723 29.2% 20,317 25.2% 40,446 25.4% 20,223 25.4% 20,223 25.4%
South 289,781 38.4% 257,599 38.2% 32,182 40.0% 63,740 40.1% 31,870 40.1% 31,870 40.1%
West 113,710 15.1% 95,793 14.2% 17,917 22.2% 34,646 21.8% 17,323 21.8% 17,323 21.8%
Insurance
Commercial 307,023 40.7% 290,957 43.2% 16,066 20.0% <0.001 32,086 20.2% 16,043 20.2% 16,043 20.2% 1.00
Dual 42,606 5.6% 32,797 4.9% 9,809 12.2% 18,653 11.7% 9,321 11.7% 9,332 11.7%
Medicaid 206,868 27.4% 188,638 28.0% 18,230 22.6% 35,513 22.3% 17,759 22.3% 17,754 22.3%
Medicare 198,056 26.2% 161,632 24.0% 36,424 45.2% 72,748 45.8% 36,377 45.8% 36,371 45.7%
PCP Visit 2019
No 252,748 33.5% 228,203 33.9% 24,545 30.5% <0.001 48,374 30.4% 24,184 30.4% 24,190 30.4% 0.97
Yes 501,805 66.5% 445,821 66.1% 55,984 69.5% 110,626 69.6% 55,316 69.6% 55,310 69.6%
Continuous Outcomes
mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value mean SD mean SD mean SD p-value
CCI 1.24 1.82 1.23 1.81 1.32 1.90 <0.001 1.31 1.88 1.31 1.87 1.32 1.88 0.75

BP: bisphosphonate; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; PCP: primary care physician; SD: standard deviation.