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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 6. Unadjusted COVID-19-Related Outcomes Stratified by Age, Sex, & Age by Sex; Matched Primary Analysis Cohort, All-Regions Combined.

Primary Analysis Cohort, All Regions Matched
All SARS-CoV-2 Test COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 Hospitalization
N % N % OR p-value N % OR p-value N % OR p-value
LL UL LL UL LL UL
All Patients 900,732 100.0% 28,137 3.1% 16,289 1.8% 3,710 0.4%
BP User 450,366 50.0% 5,189 1.2% 0.22 <0.001 3,024 0.7% 0.22 <0.001 715 0.2% 0.24 <0.001
BP Non-user 450,366 50.0% 22,948 5.1% 0.21 0.22 13,265 2.9% 0.21 0.23 2,995 0.7% 0.22 0.26
By Age
Age ≤20 2,253 100.0% 67 3.0% 14 0.6% 2 0.1%
BP User 1,128 50.1% 29 2.6% 0.75 0.26 2 0.2% 0.16 0.007 2 0.2% NA NA
BP Non-user 1,125 49.9% 38 3.4% 0.46 1.23 12 1.1% 0.04 0.74 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 6,195 100.0% 335 5.4% 115 1.9% 13 0.2%
BP User 3,091 49.9% 58 1.9% 0.20 <0.001 15 0.5% 0.15 <0.001 4 0.1% 0.45 0.27
BP Non-user 3,104 50.1% 277 8.9% 0.15 0.26 100 3.2% 0.08 0.25 9 0.3% 0.14 1.45
Age 41-50 17,096 100.0% 894 5.2% 270 1.6% 54 0.3%
BP User 8,551 50.0% 188 2.2% 0.25 <0.001 48 0.6% 0.21 <0.001 14 0.2% 0.35 <0.001
BP Non-user 8,545 50.0% 706 8.3% 0.21 0.29 222 2.6% 0.15 0.29 40 0.5% 0.19 0.64
Age 51-60 131,445 100.0% 5,765 4.4% 2,371 1.8% 397 0.3%
BP User 65,721 50.0% 1,104 1.7% 0.22 <0.001 456 0.7% 0.23 <0.001 83 0.1% 0.26 <0.001
BP Non-user 65,724 50.0% 4,661 7.1% 0.21 0.24 1,915 2.9% 0.21 0.26 314 0.5% 0.21 0.34
Age 61-70 313,822 100.0% 10,438 3.3% 5,029 1.6% 1,035 0.3%
BP User 156,878 50.0% 1,843 1.2% 0.21 <0.001 939 0.6% 0.23 <0.001 173 0.1% 0.20 <0.001
BP Non-user 156,944 50.0% 8,595 5.5% 0.20 0.22 4,090 2.6% 0.21 0.24 862 0.5% 0.17 0.24
Age 71-80 280,803 100.0% 7,179 2.6% 4,827 1.7% 1,212 0.4%
BP User 140,437 50.0% 1,309 0.9% 0.22 <0.001 877 0.6% 0.22 <0.001 234 0.2% 0.24 <0.001
BP Non-user 140,366 50.0% 5,870 4.2% 0.20 0.23 3,950 2.8% 0.20 0.23 978 0.7% 0.21 0.27
Age ≥81 149,118 100.0% 3,459 2.3% 3,663 2.5% 997 0.7%
BP User 74,560 50.0% 658 0.9% 0.23 <0.001 687 0.9% 0.22 <0.001 205 0.3% 0.26 <0.001
BP Non-user 74,558 50.0% 2,801 3.8% 0.21 0.25 2,976 4.0% 0.21 0.24 792 1.1% 0.22 0.30
Female Patients 811,497 100.0% 24,936 3.1% 14,367 1.8% 3,127 0.4%
BP User 405,751 50.0% 4,519 1.1% 0.21 <0.001 2,667 0.7% 0.22 <0.001 593 0.1% 0.23 <0.001
BP Non-user 405,746 50.0% 20,417 5.0% 0.21 0.22 11,700 2.9% 0.21 0.23 2,534 0.6% 0.21 0.25
By Age
Age ≤20 885 100.0% 26 2.9% 7 0.8% 1 0.1%
BP User 442 49.9% 11 2.5% 0.73 0.43 1 0.2% 0.17 0.12 1 0.2% NA NA
BP Non-user 443 50.1% 15 3.4% 0.33 1.60 6 1.4% 0.02 1.38 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 3,765 100.0% 218 5.8% 64 1.7% 9 0.2%
BP User 1,879 49.9% 40 2.1% 0.21 <0.001 12 0.6% 0.23 <0.001 3 0.2% 0.50 0.51
BP Non-user 1,886 50.1% 178 9.4% 0.15 0.30 52 2.8% 0.12 0.43 6 0.3% 0.13 2.01
Age 41-50 13,542 100.0% 730 5.4% 206 1.5% 37 0.3%
BP User 6,774 50.0% 157 2.3% 0.26 <0.001 43 0.6% 0.26 <0.001 11 0.2% 0.42 0.01
BP Non-user 6,768 50.0% 573 8.5% 0.21 0.31 163 2.4% 0.18 0.36 26 0.4% 0.21 0.85
Age 51-60 119,205 100.0% 5,200 4.4% 2,093 1.8% 327 0.3%
BP User 59,602 50.0% 973 1.6% 0.22 <0.001 399 0.7% 0.23 <0.001 64 0.1% 0.24 <0.001
BP Non-user 59,603 50.0% 4,227 7.1% 0.20 0.23 1,694 2.8% 0.21 0.26 263 0.4% 0.18 0.32
Age 61-70 290,276 100.0% 9,474 3.3% 4,506 1.6% 885 0.3%
BP User 145,131 50.0% 1,639 1.1% 0.20 <0.001 851 0.6% 0.23 <0.001 144 0.1% 0.19 <0.001
BP Non-user 145,145 50.0% 7,835 5.4% 0.19 0.21 3,655 2.5% 0.21 0.25 741 0.5% 0.16 0.23
Age 71-80 253,094 100.0% 6,304 2.5% 4,254 1.7% 1,026 0.4%
BP User 126,559 50.0% 1,140 0.9% 0.21 <0.001 769 0.6% 0.22 <0.001 193 0.2% 0.23 <0.001
BP Non-user 126,535 50.0% 5,164 4.1% 0.20 0.23 3,485 2.8% 0.20 0.23 833 0.7% 0.20 0.27
Age ≥81 130,730 100.0% 2,984 2.3% 3,237 2.5% 842 0.6%
BP User 65,364 50.0% 559 0.9% 0.22 <0.001 592 0.9% 0.22 <0.001 177 0.3% 0.26 <0.001
BP Non-user 65,366 50.0% 2,425 3.7% 0.20 0.25 2,645 4.0% 0.20 0.24 665 1.0% 0.22 0.31
Male Patients 89,235 100.0% 3,201 3.6% 1,922 2.2% 583 0.7%
BP User 44,615 50.0% 670 1.5% 0.25 <0.001 357 0.8% 0.22 <0.001 122 0.3% 0.26 <0.001
BP Non-user 44,620 50.0% 2,531 5.7% 0.23 0.28 1,565 3.5% 0.20 0.25 461 1.0% 0.22 0.32
By Age
Age ≤20 1,368 100.0% 41 3.0% 7 0.5% 1 0.1%
BP User 686 50.1% 18 2.6% 0.77 0.42 1 0.1% 0.16 0.07 1 0.1% NA NA
BP Non-user 682 49.9% 23 3.4% 0.41 1.44 6 0.9% 0.02 1.37 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 2,430 100.0% 117 4.8% 51 2.1% 4 0.2%
BP User 1,212 49.9% 18 1.5% 0.17 <0.001 3 0.2% 0.06 <0.001 1 0.1% 0.33 0.63
BP Non-user 1,218 50.1% 99 8.1% 0.10 0.28 48 3.9% 0.02 0.19 3 0.2% 0.03 3.22
Age 41-50 3,554 100.0% 164 4.6% 64 1.8% 17 0.5%
BP User 1,777 50.0% 31 1.7% 0.22 <0.001 5 0.3% 0.08 <0.001 3 0.2% 0.21 0.01
BP Non-user 1,777 50.0% 133 7.5% 0.15 0.33 59 3.3% 0.03 0.21 14 0.8% 0.06 0.74
Age 51-60 12,240 100.0% 565 4.6% 278 2.3% 70 0.6%
BP User 6,119 50.0% 131 2.1% 0.29 <0.001 57 0.9% 0.25 <0.001 19 0.3% 0.37 <0.001
BP Non-user 6,121 50.0% 434 7.1% 0.24 0.35 221 3.6% 0.19 0.34 51 0.8% 0.22 0.63
Age 61-70 23,546 100.0% 964 4.1% 523 2.2% 150 0.6%
BP User 11,747 49.9% 204 1.7% 0.26 <0.001 88 0.7% 0.20 <0.001 29 0.2% 0.24 <0.001
BP Non-user 11,799 50.1% 760 6.4% 0.22 0.30 435 3.7% 0.16 0.25 121 1.0% 0.16 0.36
Age 71-80 27,709 100.0% 875 3.2% 573 2.1% 186 0.7%
BP User 13,878 50.1% 169 1.2% 0.23 <0.001 108 0.8% 0.23 <0.001 41 0.3% 0.28 <0.001
BP Non-user 13,831 49.9% 706 5.1% 0.19 0.27 465 3.4% 0.18 0.28 145 1.0% 0.20 0.40
Age ≥81 18,388 100.0% 475 2.6% 426 2.3% 155 0.8%
BP User 9,196 50.0% 99 1.1% 0.26 <0.001 95 1.0% 0.28 <0.001 28 0.3% 0.22 <0.001
BP Non-user 9,192 50.0% 376 4.1% 0.20 0.32 331 3.6% 0.22 0.35 127 1.4% 0.14 0.33

BP: bisphosphonate; LL: lower 95% confidence interval level; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio; UL: upper 95% confidence interval level.