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. 2023 Aug 3;12:e79548. doi: 10.7554/eLife.79548

Appendix 2—table 7. Unadjusted COVID-19-Related Outcomes Stratified by Age, Sex, & Age by Sex; Matched Primary Analysis Cohort, Region=Northeast.

Region=Northeast Matched
All SARS-CoV-2 Test COVID-19 Diagnosis COVID-19 Hospitalization
N % N % OR p-value N % OR p-value N % OR p-value
LL UL LL UL LL UL
All Patients 238,988 100.0% 8,831 3.7% 7,820 3.3% 1,505 0.6%
BP User 119,494 50.0% 1,684 1.4% 0.22 <0.001 1,578 1.3% 0.24 <0.001 314 0.3% 0.26 <0.001
BP Non-user 119,494 50.0% 7,147 6.0% 0.21 0.24 6,242 5.2% 0.23 0.26 1,191 1.0% 0.23 0.30
By Age
Age ≤20 474 100.0% 14 3.0% 7 1.5% 2 0.4%
BP User 236 49.8% 7 3.0% 1.01 0.99 2 0.8% 0.40 0.45 2 0.8% NA NA
BP Non-user 238 50.2% 7 2.9% 0.35 2.92 5 2.1% 0.08 2.07 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 1,528 100.0% 93 6.1% 55 3.6% 5 0.3%
BP User 764 50.0% 14 1.8% 0.16 <0.001 7 0.9% 0.14 <0.001 1 0.1% 0.25 0.37
BP Non-user 764 50.0% 79 10.3% 0.09 0.29 48 6.3% 0.06 0.31 4 0.5% 0.03 2.23
Age 41-50 4,084 100.0% 234 5.7% 118 2.9% 18 0.4%
BP User 2,042 50.0% 53 2.6% 0.27 <0.001 17 0.8% 0.16 <0.001 6 0.3% 0.50 0.16
BP Non-user 2,042 50.0% 181 8.9% 0.20 0.37 101 4.9% 0.10 0.27 12 0.6% 0.19 1.33
Age 51-60 36,020 100.0% 1,863 5.2% 1,190 3.3% 160 0.4%
BP User 18,010 50.0% 353 2.0% 0.22 <0.001 237 1.3% 0.24 <0.001 38 0.2% 0.31 <0.001
BP Non-user 18,010 50.0% 1,510 8.4% 0.19 0.25 953 5.3% 0.21 0.28 122 0.7% 0.22 0.45
Age 61-70 82,233 100.0% 3,200 3.9% 2,424 2.9% 403 0.5%
BP User 41,094 50.0% 597 1.5% 0.22 <0.001 507 1.2% 0.26 <0.001 79 0.2% 0.24 <0.001
BP Non-user 41,139 50.0% 2,603 6.3% 0.20 0.24 1,917 4.7% 0.23 0.28 324 0.8% 0.19 0.31
Age 71-80 74,831 100.0% 2,266 3.0% 2,306 3.1% 493 0.7%
BP User 37,438 50.0% 442 1.2% 0.23 <0.001 475 1.3% 0.25 <0.001 99 0.3% 0.25 <0.001
BP Non-user 37,393 50.0% 1,824 4.9% 0.21 0.26 1,831 4.9% 0.23 0.28 394 1.1% 0.20 0.31
Age ≥81 39,818 100.0% 1,161 2.9% 1,720 4.3% 424 1.1%
BP User 19,910 50.0% 218 1.1% 0.22 <0.001 333 1.7% 0.23 <0.001 89 0.4% 0.26 <0.001
BP Non-user 19,908 50.0% 943 4.7% 0.19 0.26 1,387 7.0% 0.20 0.26 335 1.7% 0.21 0.33
Female Patients 216,273 100.0% 7,897 3.7% 6,941 3.2% 1,263 0.6%
BP User 108,136 50.0% 1,483 1.4% 0.22 <0.001 1,392 1.3% 0.24 <0.001 255 0.2% 0.25 <0.001
BP Non-user 108,137 50.0% 6,414 5.9% 0.21 0.23 5,549 5.1% 0.23 0.26 1,008 0.9% 0.22 0.29
By Age
Age ≤20 180 100.0% 4 2.2% 3 1.7% 1 0.6%
BP User 90 50.0% 2 2.2% 1.00 1.00 1 1.1% 0.49 1.00 1 1.1% NA NA
BP Non-user 90 50.0% 2 2.2% 0.14 7.26 2 2.2% 0.04 5.55 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 864 100.0% 59 6.8% 32 3.7% 4 0.5%
BP User 431 49.9% 10 2.3% 0.19 <0.001 6 1.4% 0.22 <0.001 1 0.2% 0.33 0.62
BP Non-user 433 50.1% 49 11.3% 0.09 0.37 26 6.0% 0.09 0.54 3 0.7% 0.03 3.22
Age 41-50 3,176 100.0% 176 5.5% 87 2.7% 13 0.4%
BP User 1,588 50.0% 40 2.5% 0.28 <0.001 15 0.9% 0.20 <0.001 5 0.3% 0.62 0.40
BP Non-user 1,588 50.0% 136 8.6% 0.19 0.40 72 4.5% 0.11 0.35 8 0.5% 0.20 1.91
Age 51-60 32,612 100.0% 1,690 5.2% 1,048 3.2% 125 0.4%
BP User 16,306 50.0% 310 1.9% 0.21 <0.001 206 1.3% 0.24 <0.001 31 0.2% 0.33 <0.001
BP Non-user 16,306 50.0% 1,380 8.5% 0.18 0.24 842 5.2% 0.20 0.27 94 0.6% 0.22 0.49
Age 61-70 76,403 100.0% 2,933 3.8% 2,181 2.9% 343 0.4%
BP User 38,200 50.0% 536 1.4% 0.21 <0.001 456 1.2% 0.26 <0.001 63 0.2% 0.22 <0.001
BP Non-user 38,203 50.0% 2,397 6.3% 0.19 0.23 1,725 4.5% 0.23 0.28 280 0.7% 0.17 0.29
Age 71-80 67,857 100.0% 2,021 3.0% 2,063 3.0% 416 0.6%
BP User 33,930 50.0% 393 1.2% 0.23 <0.001 413 1.2% 0.24 <0.001 77 0.2% 0.23 <0.001
BP Non-user 33,927 50.0% 1,628 4.8% 0.21 0.26 1,650 4.9% 0.22 0.27 339 1.0% 0.18 0.29
Age ≥81 35,181 100.0% 1,014 2.9% 1,527 4.3% 361 1.0%
BP User 17,591 50.0% 192 1.1% 0.23 <0.001 295 1.7% 0.23 <0.001 77 0.4% 0.27 <0.001
BP Non-user 17,590 50.0% 822 4.7% 0.19 0.26 1,232 7.0% 0.20 0.26 284 1.6% 0.21 0.34
Male Patients 22,715 100.0% 934 4.1% 879 3.9% 242 1.1%
BP User 11,358 50.0% 201 1.8% 0.26 <0.001 186 1.6% 0.26 <0.001 59 0.5% 0.32 <0.001
BP Non-user 11,357 50.0% 733 6.5% 0.22 0.31 693 6.1% 0.22 0.30 183 1.6% 0.24 0.43
By Age
Age ≤20 294 100.0% 10 3.4% 4 1.4% 1 0.3%
BP User 146 49.7% 5 3.4% 1.01 0.98 1 0.7% 0.33 0.62 1 0.7% NA NA
BP Non-user 148 50.3% 5 3.4% 0.29 3.58 3 2.0% 0.03 3.24 0 0.0% NA NA
Age 21-40 664 100.0% 34 5.1% 23 3.5% 1 0.2%
BP User 333 50.2% 4 1.2% 0.12 <0.001 1 0.3% 0.04 <0.001 0 0.0% NA NA
BP Non-user 331 49.8% 30 9.1% 0.04 0.35 22 6.6% 0.01 0.32 1 0.3% NA NA
Age 41-50 908 100.0% 58 6.4% 31 3.4% 5 0.6%
BP User 454 50.0% 13 2.9% 0.27 <0.001 2 0.4% 0.06 <0.001 1 0.2% 0.25 0.37
BP Non-user 454 50.0% 45 9.9% 0.14 0.50 29 6.4% 0.02 0.27 4 0.9% 0.03 2.23
Age 51-60 3,408 100.0% 173 5.1% 142 4.2% 35 1.0%
BP User 1,704 50.0% 43 2.5% 0.31 <0.001 31 1.8% 0.27 <0.001 7 0.4% 0.25 <0.001
BP Non-user 1,704 50.0% 130 7.6% 0.22 0.45 111 6.5% 0.18 0.40 28 1.6% 0.11 0.57
Age 61-70 5,830 100.0% 267 4.6% 243 4.2% 60 1.0%
BP User 2,894 49.6% 61 2.1% 0.29 <0.001 51 1.8% 0.26 <0.001 16 0.6% 0.37 <0.001
BP Non-user 2,936 50.4% 206 7.0% 0.21 0.38 192 6.5% 0.19 0.35 44 1.5% 0.21 0.65
Age 71-80 6,974 100.0% 245 3.5% 243 3.5% 77 1.1%
BP User 3,508 50.3% 49 1.4% 0.24 <0.001 62 1.8% 0.33 <0.001 22 0.6% 0.39 <0.001
BP Non-user 3,466 49.7% 196 5.7% 0.17 0.32 181 5.2% 0.24 0.44 55 1.6% 0.24 0.64
Age ≥81 4,637 100.0% 147 3.2% 193 4.2% 63 1.4%
BP User 2,319 50.0% 26 1.1% 0.21 <0.001 38 1.6% 0.23 <0.001 12 0.5% 0.23 <0.001
BP Non-user 2,318 50.0% 121 5.2% 0.13 0.32 155 6.7% 0.16 0.33 51 2.2% 0.12 0.43

BP: bisphosphonate; LL: lower 95% confidence interval level; NA: not applicable; OR: odds ratio; UL: upper 95% confidence interval level.