Table 2. Primary analysis cohort (all regions), patient characteristics pre/post match.
| All Observations Unmatched | All Observations Matched | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | BP Non-users | BP Users | p-value | All | BP Non-users | BP Users | p-value | |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
| All Patients | 7,906,603 | 100.00% | 7,454,552 | 94.30% | 452,051 | 5.70% | 900,732 | 100.00% | 450,366 | 50.00% | 450,366 | 50.00% | ||
| Demographics | ||||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||
| ≤20 | 1,840,050 | 23.30% | 1,838,922 | 24.70% | 1,128 | 0.20% | <0.001 | 2,253 | 0.30% | 1,125 | 0.20% | 1,128 | 0.30% | 1 |
| 21-40 | 1,446,999 | 18.30% | 1,443,908 | 19.40% | 3,091 | 0.70% | 6,195 | 0.70% | 3,104 | 0.70% | 3,091 | 0.70% | ||
| 41-50 | 925,309 | 11.70% | 916,758 | 12.30% | 8,551 | 1.90% | 17,096 | 1.90% | 8,545 | 1.90% | 8,551 | 1.90% | ||
| 51-60 | 1,250,190 | 15.80% | 1,184,469 | 15.90% | 65,721 | 14.50% | 131,445 | 14.60% | 65,724 | 14.60% | 65,721 | 14.60% | ||
| 61-70 | 1,181,261 | 14.90% | 1,024,383 | 13.70% | 156,878 | 34.70% | 313,822 | 34.80% | 156,944 | 34.80% | 156,878 | 34.80% | ||
| 71-80 | 783,775 | 9.90% | 642,050 | 8.60% | 141,725 | 31.40% | 280,803 | 31.20% | 140,366 | 31.20% | 140,437 | 31.20% | ||
| ≥81 | 479,019 | 6.10% | 404,062 | 5.40% | 74,957 | 16.60% | 149,118 | 16.60% | 74,558 | 16.60% | 74,560 | 16.60% | ||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 4,670,960 | 59.10% | 4,263,524 | 57.20% | 407,436 | 90.10% | <0.001 | 811,497 | 90.10% | 405,746 | 90.10% | 405,751 | 90.10% | 0.99 |
| Male | 3,235,643 | 40.90% | 3,191,028 | 42.80% | 44,615 | 9.90% | 89,235 | 9.90% | 44,620 | 9.90% | 44,615 | 9.90% | ||
| Region | ||||||||||||||
| Midwest | 1,467,802 | 18.60% | 1,391,835 | 18.70% | 75,967 | 16.80% | <0.001 | 151,802 | 16.90% | 75,901 | 16.90% | 75,901 | 16.90% | 1 |
| Northeast | 2,152,560 | 27.20% | 2,032,832 | 27.30% | 119,728 | 26.50% | 238,988 | 26.50% | 119,494 | 26.50% | 119,494 | 26.50% | ||
| South | 3,042,604 | 38.50% | 2,881,718 | 38.70% | 160,886 | 35.60% | 319,408 | 35.50% | 159,704 | 35.50% | 159,704 | 35.50% | ||
| West | 1,243,637 | 15.70% | 1,148,167 | 15.40% | 95,470 | 21.10% | 190,534 | 21.20% | 95,267 | 21.20% | 95,267 | 21.20% | ||
| Insurance | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 3,938,603 | 49.80% | 3,791,545 | 50.90% | 147,058 | 32.50% | <0.001 | 294,070 | 32.60% | 147,012 | 32.60% | 147,058 | 32.70% | 1 |
| Dual | 156,497 | 2.00% | 125,090 | 1.70% | 31,407 | 6.90% | 59,936 | 6.70% | 29,980 | 6.70% | 29,956 | 6.70% | ||
| Medicaid | 2,594,500 | 32.80% | 2,517,020 | 33.80% | 77,480 | 17.10% | 154,519 | 17.20% | 77,272 | 17.20% | 77,247 | 17.20% | ||
| Medicare | 1,217,003 | 15.40% | 1,020,897 | 13.70% | 196,106 | 43.40% | 392,207 | 43.50% | 196,102 | 43.50% | 196,105 | 43.50% | ||
| PCP Visit 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| No | 4,283,697 | 54.20% | 4,119,831 | 55.30% | 163,866 | 36.20% | <0.001 | 327,383 | 36.30% | 163,659 | 36.30% | 163,724 | 36.40% | 0.89 |
| Yes | 3,622,906 | 45.80% | 3,334,721 | 44.70% | 288,185 | 63.80% | 573,349 | 63.70% | 286,707 | 63.70% | 286,642 | 63.60% | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||||||||||||
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | p-value | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | p-value | |
| CCI | 0.62 | 1.38 | 0.6 | 1.35 | 0.95 | 1.76 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 1.76 | 0.95 | 1.76 | 0.95 | 1.76 | 0.7 |
| Regression Comorbidity Covariates | ||||||||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | p-value | N | % | N | % | N | % | p-value | |
| Osteoporosis | 267,020 | 3.40% | 135,231 | 1.80% | 131,789 | 29.20% | <0.001 | 163,814 | 18.20% | 32,390 | 7.20% | 131,424 | 29.20% | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 419,083 | 5.30% | 366,786 | 4.90% | 52,297 | 11.60% | <0.001 | 94,148 | 10.50% | 41,861 | 9.30% | 52,287 | 11.60% | <0.001 |
| CKD/ESRD | 361,451 | 4.60% | 328,633 | 4.40% | 32,818 | 7.30% | <0.001 | 68,999 | 7.70% | 36,182 | 8.00% | 32,817 | 7.30% | <0.001 |
| COPD | 466,094 | 5.90% | 427,850 | 5.70% | 38,244 | 8.50% | <0.001 | 84,234 | 9.40% | 45,990 | 10.20% | 38,244 | 8.50% | <0.001 |
| CVD | 1,084,031 | 13.70% | 999,526 | 13.40% | 84,505 | 18.70% | <0.001 | 197,243 | 21.90% | 112,933 | 25.10% | 84,310 | 18.70% | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 125,811 | 1.60% | 113,778 | 1.50% | 12,033 | 2.70% | <0.001 | 24,921 | 2.80% | 12,889 | 2.90% | 12,032 | 2.70% | <0.001 |
| Depression | 571,303 | 7.20% | 531,355 | 7.10% | 39,948 | 8.80% | <0.001 | 86,280 | 9.60% | 46,431 | 10.30% | 39,849 | 8.80% | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,532,254 | 19.40% | 1,375,920 | 18.50% | 156,334 | 34.60% | <0.001 | 322,125 | 35.80% | 166,360 | 36.90% | 155,765 | 34.60% | <0.001 |
| HIV/AIDS | 33,229 | 0.40% | 31,711 | 0.40% | 1518 | 0.30% | <0.001 | 2897 | 0.30% | 1379 | 0.30% | 1,518 | 0.30% | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 1,899,063 | 24.00% | 1,723,519 | 23.10% | 175,544 | 38.80% | <0.001 | 384,059 | 42.60% | 209,184 | 46.40% | 174,875 | 38.80% | <0.001 |
| Liver Disease | 251,331 | 3.20% | 231,664 | 3.10% | 19,667 | 4.40% | <0.001 | 38,697 | 4.30% | 19,031 | 4.20% | 19,666 | 4.40% | 0.001 |
| Obesity | 638,506 | 8.10% | 608,083 | 8.20% | 30,423 | 6.70% | <0.001 | 76,844 | 8.50% | 46,498 | 10.30% | 30,346 | 6.70% | <0.001 |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | 10,499 | 0.10% | 10,292 | 0.10% | 207 | 0.00% | <0.001 | 422 | 0.00% | 215 | 0.00% | 207 | 0.00% | 0.7 |
| Stroke | 104,859 | 1.30% | 97,001 | 1.30% | 7,858 | 1.70% | <0.001 | 19,395 | 2.20% | 11,569 | 2.60% | 7,826 | 1.70% | <0.001 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 978,239 | 12.40% | 895,983 | 12.00% | 82,256 | 18.20% | <0.001 | 184,978 | 20.50% | 103,031 | 22.90% | 81,947 | 18.20% | <0.001 |