. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Marriage Fam. 2015 Mar 4;77(2):480–495. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12174

Table 2.

Means of Relationship Quality, by Recent Paternal Incarceration (N = 1,848)

Variable	Recent paternal incarceration
Variable	Yes (n = 114)	No (n = 1,734)	Cohen’s d
Mother-reported relationship quality
Overall relationship quality	3.35	3.99	0.66^***
Supportiveness	2.50	2.62	0.32^**
Emotional abuse	1.20	1.12	−0.38^***
Physical abuse	1.12	1.03	−0.56^***
Father-reported relationship quality
Overall relationship quality	3.82	4.17	0.40^***
Supportiveness	2.60	2.70	0.28^*
Emotional abuse	1.26	1.16	−0.45^***
Physical abuse	1.18	1.07	−0.53^***

Note. Data are from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Ns for father-reported relationship quality are smaller (85 fathers experienced recent incarceration, and 1,500 fathers did not experience recent incarceration) because fewer fathers than mothers participated in the 5-year survey. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences between the two groups.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001 (two-tailed tests).