Table 4.

Propensity Score Matching Estimates of the Heterogeneous Effects of Maternal Incarceration on Child Well-Being

Dependent variable	Level 1						Level 2
	Stratum 1		Stratum 2		Stratum 3
	p = [0, .05)		p = [.05, .10)		p = [.10, .30)		Trend
Internalizing problem behaviors	0.508	**	0.074		−0.066		−0.235	*
	(0.195)		(0.092)		(0.096)		(0.096)
Externalizing problem behaviors	0.596	**	0.119		−0.073		−0.298	**
	(0.173)		(0.096)		(0.101)		(0.094)
PPVT-III	−0.147		−0.102		0.021		0.102
	(0.233)		(0.106)		(0.076)		(0.097)
Early juvenile delinquency	0.434	*	0.398	***	0.022		−0.251	**
	(0.177)		(0.106)		(0.093)		(0.092)
Treatment N	26		99		151
Control N	788		1,140		807

Notes. Internalizing problem behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors reported by children’s caregivers. Early juvenile delinquency reported by children. Propensity scores are estimated with a logistic regression model estimating maternal incarceration as a function of pre-incarceration covariates. Mothers in stratum 1 have the lowest propensity for incarceration, and mothers in stratum 3 have the highest propensity for incarceration. Standard errors are in parentheses.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001 (two-tailed tests).