Table 3.
Propensity Score Matching Models Estimating Parenting Outcomes as a Function of Father’s Health Limitations
| Unmatched | Matched | Matched (doubly robust) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A. Mother-reported outcomes | |||||||||
| Parenting stress | 0.049 | (0.055) | −0.006 | (0.063) | −0.009 | (0.055) | |||
| Cooperation in parenting | −0.187 | (0.076) | * | −0.007 | (0.073) | −0.001 | (0.060) | ||
| Engagement | 0.051 | (0.053) | −0.050 | (0.057) | −0.053 | (0.053) | |||
| N | 3,376 | 3,360–3376 | 3,360–3376 | ||||||
| Panel B. Father-reported outcomes | |||||||||
| Parenting stress | 0.335 | (0.064) | *** | 0.262 | (0.081) | ** | 0.245 | (0.076) | ** |
| Cooperation in parenting | −0.243 | (0.065) | *** | −0.198 | (0.082) | * | −0.173 | (0.071) | * |
| Engagement | −0.196 | (0.065) | ** | −0.079 | (0.080) | −0.044 | (0.072) | ||
| N | 2,201 | 2,198–2,201 | 2,198–2,201 | ||||||
Notes: Each row represents a separate outcome variable. All outcome variables are standardized (mean = 1, standard deviation = 0). Unmatched estimates compare the treatment group (fathers with health limitations) and control group (fathers without health limitations) prior to matching on the propensity score. Matched estimates compare the treatment group and control group after matching based on the covariates from Table 1. The doubly robust matched estimates further adjust for all covariates. The treatment group N varies across multiply imputed data sets.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01.