Appendix A.
Logistic Regression Models Estimating Mother’s Health Limitations and Father’s Health Limitations (for Estimates of Parenting Stress)
| Mother’s health limitations | Father’s health limitations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health limitations of other parent | 0.370 | (0.154) | * | 0.528 | (0.212) | * |
| Mother race (reference = non-Hispanic White) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | −0.170 | (0.170) | 0.197 | (0.216) | ||
| Hispanic | −0.302 | (0.196) | −0.056 | (0.255) | ||
| Non-Hispanic other race | 0.041 | (0.354) | −0.760 | (0.587) | ||
| Mother and father are mixed-race couple | 0.085 | (0.174) | 0.078 | (0.246) | ||
| Mother foreign born | −0.507 | (0.221) | * | 0.038 | (0.291) | |
| Mother age | 0.047 | (0.014) | ** | 0.062 | (0.018) | ** |
| Father age | −0.002 | (0.011) | −0.006 | (0.015) | ||
| Mother lived with both biological parents at age 15 | −0.149 | (0.127) | −0.189 | (0.168) | ||
| Mother and father relationship status (reference = married) | ||||||
| Cohabiting | −0.264 | (0.215) | −0.430 | (0.265) | ||
| Non-residential romantic | −0.733 | (0.374) | * | −0.915 | (0.476) | |
| Separated | 0.013 | (0.188) | 0.034 | (0.233) | ||
| Mother relationship quality | −0.022 | (0.055) | −0.053 | (0.070) | ||
| Father relationship quality | −0.082 | (0.054) | 0.030 | (0.074) | ||
| Mother number of children | −0.002 | (0.042) | −0.016 | (0.055) | ||
| Mother educational attainment (reference = less than high school) | ||||||
| High school diploma or GED | −0.217 | (0.162) | −0.274 | (0.220) | ||
| Some college | −0.261 | (0.153) | −0.415 | (0.210) | * | |
| College degree | −1.110 | (0.303) | *** | −1.444 | (0.382) | *** |
| Father educational attainment (reference = less than high school) | ||||||
| High school diploma or GED | −0.075 | (0.146) | 0.019 | (0.203) | ||
| Some college | −0.251 | (0.164) | 0.068 | (0.217) | ||
| College degree | −0.200 | (0.277) | 0.150 | (0.343) | ||
| Mother material hardship | 0.080 | (0.026) | ** | 0.079 | (0.036) | * |
| Father material hardship | −0.082 | (0.032) | ** | −0.037 | (0.042) | |
| Mother employed | −0.795 | (0.121) | *** | −0.978 | (0.161) | *** |
| Father employed | 0.194 | (0.143) | −0.205 | (2.000) | ||
| Mother in poverty | 0.313 | (0.138) | * | 0.409 | (0.188) | * |
| Father in poverty | 0.164 | (0.136) | 0.247 | (0.193) | ||
| Mother cognitive ability | 0.022 | (0.024) | 0.121 | (0.032) | *** | |
| Mother depression | 0.903 | (0.133) | *** | 1.139 | (0.176) | *** |
| Father depression | −0.331 | (0.184) | −0.578 | (0.272) | * | |
| Child male | −0.004 | (0.114) | 0.039 | (0.145) | ||
| Child temperament | −0.154 | (0.076) | * | −0.161 | (0.080) | * |
| Parenting stress (lagged) | 0.020 | −0.057 | −0.060 | −0.113 | ||
| Intercept | −2.210 | −4.075 | ||||
| Log likelihood | −1,084 | −626 | ||||
| N | 3,376 | 2,201 | ||||
Notes: Standard errors in parentheses.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001 (two-tailed tests).