Table 1.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for massive hemorrhage after PCNL (categorical variables).
| Control | Test | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size of sheaths (%) | 0.586 | ||
| F16 | 12 (12.3) | 6 (8.7) | |
| F18 | 50 (51.0) | 45 (65.2) | |
| F20 | 29 (29.6) | 13 (18.9) | |
| F22 | 2 (2.0) | 3 (4.3) | |
| F24 | 5 (5.1) | 2 (2.9) | |
| Number of accesses (%) | 0.006 | ||
| 1 | 96 (98) | 58 (84.0) | |
| 2 | 2 (2) | 8 (11.6) | |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Urinary tract infection (%) | 0.004 | ||
| Yes | 21 (21.4) | 28 (40.6) | |
| No | 77 (78.6) | 41 (59.4) | |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.023 | ||
| Yes | 4 (4.1) | 11 (15.9) | |
| No | 94 (95.9) | 58 (84.0) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 0.010 | ||
| Yes | 21 (21.4) | 29 (42.0) | |
| No | 77 (78.6) | 40 (58.0) | |
| Surgical side (%) | 0.098 | ||
| Left | 52 (53.1) | 44 (63.7) | |
| Right | 46 (46.9) | 25 (36.2) | |
| Hydronephrosis (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 81 (82.7) | 23 (33.3) | |
| No | 17 (17.3) | 46 (66.7) | |
| History of ipsilateral kidney surgery (%) | 0.058 | ||
| Yes | 16 (77.6) | 20 (29.0) | |
| No | 82 (22.4) | 49 (71.0) | |
| Multiple/staghorn stones (%) | 0.492 | ||
| Yes | 31 (31.6) | 19 (27.5) | |
| No | 67 (68.4) | 50 (72.5) | |
| The puncture path in a single puncture (%) | 0.410 | ||
| Upper | 7 (7.4) | 6 (9.4) | |
| Upper middle | 4 (4.3) | 5 (7.8) | |
| Middle | 80 (80.8) | 44 (68.8) | |
| Middle and lower | 3 (3.2) | 3 (4.6) | |
| Lower | 4 (4.3) | 6 (9.4) |
Data are presented as number (proportion).