Table 1.
Polyphenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of MAN UMF15+ and FB1-FB6 honeys.
| Sample | UD | pH 2 | GD | pH 7 | GDD | BA (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPC (mg GAE/100 g) | ||||||
| MAN (UMF15+) | 119.42 ± 13.94 | 150.56 ± 9.88 | 161.65 ± 9.56 | 106.89 ± 7.38 | 81.94 ± 7.75## | 68.6% |
| FB1 | 74.49 ± 4.19∗ | 60.85 ± 2.89 | 100.67 ± 5.24∗∗, †† | 74.60 ± 3.68 | 58.26 ± 11.61## | 78.2% |
| FB2 | 53.98 ± 1.70∗∗∗ | 43.80 ± 2.22 | 54.88 ± 1.35∗∗∗∗ | 49.19 ± 2.52 | 36.08 ± 3.85∗∗, $$, ##, † | 66.8% |
| FB3 | 49.59 ± 4.98∗∗∗ | 43.09 ± 3.27 | 56.24 ± 1.64∗∗∗∗ | 45.45 ± 1.26 | 44.01 ± 3.45∗ | 88.6% |
| FB4 | 12.67 ± 2.07∗∗∗∗ | 14.43 ± 4.55 | 23.53 ± 10.61∗∗∗∗ | 17.98 ± 5.54 | 17.81 ± 4.89∗∗∗ | 140.6% |
| FB5 | 59.16 ± 5.48∗∗ | 46.73 ± 2.23 | 45.40 ± 1.05∗∗∗∗ | 45.11 ± 2.65 | 41.95 ± 4.49∗$ | 70.9% |
| FB6 | 71.90 ± 11.80∗∗ | 58.80 ± 11.10 | 74.83 ± 14.87∗∗∗∗ | 60.00 ± 8.22 | 56.02 ± 8.41 | 77.9% |
| MEAN ± SEM& | 53.62 ± 12.91 | 44.17 ± 16.63 | 59.26 ± 15.19 | 57.03 ± 27.88 | 42.36 ± 8.51 | 87.1 ± 27.0% |
|
| ||||||
| TEAC assay (μmol TE/g) | ||||||
| MAN (UMF15+) | 22.09 ± 1.29 | 21.64 ± 1.06 | 21.54 ± 0.97 | 17.69 ± 1.78 | 17.21 ± 0.52 | 77.9% |
| FB1 | 19.35 ± 1.23 | 18.65 ± 1.47 | 21.28 ± 1.01 | 16.79 ± 1.59 | 15.98 ± 1.57 | 82.6% |
| FB2 | 16.90 ± 1.03∗ | 15.88 ± 1.60 | 17.10 ± 1.31 | 12.00 ± 1.21 | 8.94 ± 0.87∗∗, $$, ## | 52.9% |
| FB3 | 14.27 ± 0.26∗∗ | 15.51 ± 1.32 | 15.47 ± 2.02 | 12.70 ± 1.15 | 10.69 ± 0.81∗ | 74.9% |
| FB4 | 5.46 ± 0.98∗∗∗∗ | 5.65 ± 0.51 | 5.32 ± 1.34∗∗∗∗ | 3.82 ± 0.70 | 4.87 ± 1.44∗∗∗∗ | 89.2% |
| FB5 | 13.91 ± 0.73∗∗∗ | 16.37 ± 1.17 | 16.29 ± 1.61 | 12.94 ± 1.19 | 11.33 ± 1.08 | 81.5% |
| FB6 | 19.24 ± 1.10 | 20.36 ± 1.14 | 20.88 ± 1.07 | 17.45 ± 1.50 | 16.89 ± 1.14 | 87.8% |
| MEAN ± SEM& | 14.85 ± 2.98 | 16.29 ± 4.85 | 16.06 ± 3.34 | 13.34 ± 4.48 | 11.45 ± 4.48 | 78.2 ± 13.4% |
|
| ||||||
| ORAC assay (μmol TE/g) | ||||||
| MAN (UMF15+) | 48.41 ± 14.11 | 58.41 ± 8.64 | 53.88 ± 10.81 | 42.34 ± 4.19 | 58.67 ± 8.27 | 121.2% |
| FB1 | 59.09 ± 9.20 | 59.34 ± 16.34 | 59.43 ± 18.54 | 63.45 ± 17.42 | 54.47 ± 12.42 | 92.2% |
| FB2 | 43.07 ± 11.08 | 52.13 ± 12.64 | 58.08 ± 11.63 | 46.67 ± 16.58 | 52.45 ± 10.61 | 121.9% |
| FB3 | 39.21 ± 0.66 | 40.17 ± 8.20 | 45.79 ± 3.61 | 45.46 ± 5.78 | 50.37 ± 10.67 | 128.5% |
| FB4 | 20.74 ± 2.78 | 19.80 ± 6.94 | 20.16 ± 5.86 | 15.96 ± 4.30 | 10.17 ± 1.65 | 49.03% |
| FB5 | 63.66 ± 8.22 | 55.45 ± 3.31 | 50.80 ± 6.17 | 52.92 ± 6.80 | 65.89 ± 10.93 | 103.5% |
| FB6 | 60.08 ± 5.90 | 47.32 ± 9.70 | 66.59 ± 4.87 | 69.17 ± 5.09 | 65.59 ± 8.41 | 109.2% |
| Mean ± SEM& | 47.64 ± 16.48 | 45.70 ± 14.32 | 50.14 ± 16.36 | 48.94 ± 18.65 | 49.82 ± 20.53 | 100.7 ± 28.4% |
Data is an average of at least 3 experiments and represented as mean ± SEM. ∗ Significant differences of FB vs. MAN (UMF15+) for UD, GD, and GDD. $ Significant differences of UD vs. GD and GDD. # Significant differences of GD vs. GDD. † Significant differences of pH 2 vs. GD and pH 7 vs. GDD. ‡ Significant differences of pH 2 vs. pH 7. Statistical analysis: symbols: one <0.05, two <0.01, three <0.001, and four <0.0001. & Calculated for FB only.