Table 2.

The NO-mediated cellular pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of honey.

	UD	GD	GDD
(a) Cellular proinflammatory model: -LPS/IFN-γ
MAN (UMF 15+)	0.21 ± 0.67	4.19 ± 0.62	7.93 ± 0.80$
FB1	2.48 ± 1.18	11.67 ± 0.50$$	10.73 ± 1.59$
FB2	2.46 ± 1.13	7.43 ± 0.56	7.79 ± 0.54
FB3	5.94 ± 2.41	14.92 ± 1.20	12.17 ± 1.76
FB4	7.60 ± 2.93	10.19 ± 1.64	8.28 ± 1.58
FB5	0.23 ± 0.57	−0.11 ± 0.60	0.40 ± 0.66
FB6	1.59 ± 0.87	2.26 ± 0.75	3.55 ± 0.72
Mean ± SD&	3.38 ± 2.80	7.73 ± 5.74	7.15 ± 4.43
(b) Cellular anti-inflammatory model: +LPS/IFN-γ (control: 14.34 μM)
MAN (UMF 15+)	8.62 ± 6.05∗∗	10.31 ± 1.60	15.95 ± 1.36$
FB1	11.83 ± 2.96	13.59 ± 1.49	15.82 ± 0.86
FB2	15.23 ± 3.81	13.87 ± 1.92	13.72 ± 3.01
FB3	15.58 ± 3.02	13.87 ± 1.92	13.72 ± 3.01
FB4	17.33 ± 3.38	9.25 ± 1.66	10.95 ± 3.49
FB5	15.41 ± 2.57	4.97 ± 1.00∗∗∗, $	6.44 ± 1.29∗∗
FB6	11.39 ± 2.87	3.10 ± 0.35∗∗	5.70 ± 1.03∗
Mean ± SD& (% scavenging)	14.46 ± 2.34 (−0.84%)	9.78 ± 4.82 (31.83%)	11.06 ± 4.17 (22.89%)
(c) Direct NO scavenging: SNP assay: control (21.91 μM)
MAN (UMF 15+)	3.56 ± 0.70∗∗∗∗	2.75 ± 0.32∗∗∗∗	6.82 ± 1.08∗∗∗
FB1	9.87 ± 1.61∗∗	9.82 ± 1.35∗∗	6.49 ± 0.48∗∗∗
FB2	10.77 ± 2.07∗	12.84 ± 0.65	5.46 ± 0.88∗∗∗
FB3	13.81 ± 2.75	14.82 ± 1.17	9.72 ± 1.20∗
FB4	15.41 ± 2.76	16.68 ± 0.80	10.62 ± 1.13∗
FB5	15.57 ± 2.10	16.01 ± 1.14	9.47 ± 0.95∗∗
FB6	11.38 ± 2.23∗	7.67 ± 0.69∗∗	9.21 ± 0.78∗∗
Mean ± SD& (% scavenging)	12.80 ± 2.46 (41.57%)	12.97 ± 3.59 (40.79%)	8.50 ± 2.04 (61.23%)

-LPS/IFN-γ: statistical analysis ^$UD vs. GD or GDD. +LPS/IFN-γ (control: 14.34 μM): statistical analysis ^∗ vs. control; $UD vs. GD or GDD. SNP assay control: (21.91 μM), statistical significance ^∗ vs. control (21.91 μM), $UD vs. GD or GDD. Symbols: one <0.05, two <0.01, three <0.001, and four <0.0001. ^& Calculated for FB only.