Table 1.
Demographic data of participants with SCI (n = 45).
| Variables | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Male | 32 (71.1) |
| Female | 13 (28.9) |
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 48.6 (16.9) |
| Range (years) | 18–76 |
| SCI level | |
| Tetraplegia (C1-C8): | |
| Complete (AIS A) | 0 (0) |
| Incomplete (AIS BCD) | 11 (24.4) |
| Paraplegia (T1-S5): | |
| Complete (AIS A) | 11 (24.4) |
| Incomplete (AIS BCD) | 23 (51.1) |
| SCI level | |
| At or above T6 (C1-T6): | |
| Complete (AIS A) | 2 (4.4) |
| Incomplete (AIS BCD) | 16 (35.6) |
| Below T6 (T7-S5): | |
| Complete (AIS A) | 9 (20.0) |
| Incomplete (AIS BCD) | 18 (40.0) |
| Cause of SCI | |
| Trauma | 19 (42.2) |
| Non-Traumatic | |
| Degenerative | 8 (17.8) |
| Acquired abnormalities: vascular, inflammatory | 10 (22.2) |
| Neoplastic | 5 (11.1) |
| Infection | 3 (6.7) |
| Duration of SCI (years), median (p25, p75) | 5 (3, 9) |
| Range (years) | 0.3–28 |
| Underlying diseases | |
| No underlying disease | 32 (71.1) |
| Hypertension | 7 (15.6) |
| Dyslipidemia | 8 (17.8) |
| Depression | 1 (2.2) |
| Others | 4 (8.9) |
| Medications | |
| Anticholinergics | |
| Oxybutynin | 23 (51.1) |
| Trospium | 9 (20.0) |
| Detrusitol | 1 (2.2) |
| Medications for neuropathic pain | |
| Gabapentin/Pregabalin | 16 (35.6) |
| Carbamazepine | 1 (2.2) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 3 (6.7) |
| Antispastic drug | |
| Baclofen | 14 (31.1) |
| Clonazepam/Diazepam | 10 (22.2) |
| Tizanidine | 3 (6.7) |
| Antihypertensive drug | |
| Alpha-blockers | 7 (15.6) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 6 (13.3) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | 2 (4.4) |
| Beta-blockers | 2 (4.4) |
| Antidepressants | |
| Fluoxetine | 1 (2.2) |
AIS ASIA Impairment Scale, P25 25th percentile, p75 75th percentile, SCI spinal cord injury, SD standard deviation.