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. 2023 Oct 2;61(12):658–666. doi: 10.1038/s41393-023-00935-w

Table 2.

Test-retest reliability of HRV for each duration (5-min, 10-min, 1-h, 3-h, 6-h and 24-h) in all participants (n = 45).

Day 1, median (p25, p75) Day 2, median (p25, p75) p-value ICC (95%CI) CV 95% LoA
5-min
SDNN (ms) 45.0 (29.8, 56.7) 40.7 (30.1, 59.7) 0.71 0.34 (0.05–0.57) 48.8 ±1.01 x̄
RMSSD (ms) 17.0 (10.4, 30.6) 16.9 (8.8, 25.4) 0.57 0.72 (0.54–0.83) 43.7 ±0.93 x̄
HF (ms2) 129.2 (52.9, 395.6) 106.8 (44.5, 405.2) 0.69 0.54 (0.30–0.72) 140.2 ±1.68 x̄
LF (ms2) 487.4 (205.0, 773.7) 277.9 (135.3, 780.6) 0.45 0.40 (0.13–0.62) 104.6 ±1.51 x̄
TP (ms2) 638.6 (236.2, 1105.9) 418.3 (196.2, 980.7) 0.96 0.48 (0.22–0.68) 100.4 ±1.49 x̄
10-min
SDNN (ms) 51.6 (33.1, 68.1) 45.7 (33.9, 67.3) 0.40 0.43 (0.15–0.64) 49.2 ±1.01 x̄
RMSSD (ms) 16.4 (9.8, 30.4) 17.7 (9.0, 24.9) 0.79 0.76 (0.60–0.86) 40.6 ±0.89 x̄
HF (ms2) 143.7 (56.8, 334.8) 130.0 (61.1, 364.4) 0.63 0.65 (0.45–0.79) 132.1 ±1.65 x̄
LF (ms2) 393.7 (208.1, 663.4) 297.2 (172.0, 603.6) 0.037 0.60 (0.37–0.76) 93.1 ±1.43 x̄
VLF (ms2) 1704.1 (774.9, 3269.5) 1345.6 (618.4, 2529.6) 0.50 0.16 (−0.17–0.43) 144.1 ±1.69 x̄
TP (ms2) 2500.8 (1091.4, 4693.1) 1818.5 (944.1, 4429.3) 0.39 0.22 (−0.08–0.48) 125.5 ±1.62 x̄
1-h
SDNN (ms) 61.8 (48.3, 89.0) 64.0 (44.1, 88.6) 0.60 0.46 (0.19–0.66) 32.0 ±0.74 x̄
RMSSD (ms) 17.3 (10.3, 29.3) 18.9 (9.5, 25.1) 0.81 0.74 (0.58–0.85) 40.6 ±0.89 x̄
HF (ms2) 146.7 (70.2, 375.3) 166.3 (111.9, 338.8) 0.48 0.60 (0.37–0.76) 99.2 ±1.49 x̄
LF (ms2) 316.4 (143.4, 712.4) 300.9 (175.3, 622.2) 0.66 0.76 (0.61–0.86) 67.8 ±1.24 x̄
VLF (ms2) 1120.0 (734.8, 1900.1) 1192.7 (702.6, 2479.6) 0.31 0.64 (0.43–0.79) 56.3 ±1.11 x̄
ULF (ms2) 2184.2 (1093.5, 4995.2) 2037.2 (1305.2, 4974.2) 0.90 0.06 (−0.23–0.35) 123.2 ±1.62 x̄
TP (ms2) 4161.4 (2632.4, 7979.5) 4258.2 (2029.6, 8631.4) 0.41 0.30 (0.01–0.54) 75.1 ±1.31 x̄
3-h
SDNN (ms) 78.3 (62.0, 109.7) 74.6 (61.9, 98.5) 0.50 0.72 (0.54–0.84) 23.1 ±0.56 x̄
RMSSD (ms) 19.0 (11.3, 28.2) 16.6 (9.6, 26.4) 0.72 0.77 (0.62–0.87) 35.7 ±0.80 x̄
HF (ms2) 213.5 (105.9, 372.0) 126.9 (77.6, 479.0) 0.70 0.60 (0.37–0.76) 94.9 ±1.46 x̄
LF (ms2) 298.9 (195.2, 660.2) 267.9 (153.2, 584.7) 0.86 0.81 (0.68–0.89) 64.4 ±1.20 x̄
VLF (ms2) 1135.9 (661.1, 2036.7) 989.7 (672.3, 1943.9) 0.79 0.77 (0.62–0.87) 52.7 ±1.06 x̄
ULF (ms2) 5196.8 (2492.1, 9084.4) 4177.5 (2243.1, 7548.5) 0.33 0.70 (0.51–0.82) 76.2 ±1.31 x̄
TP (ms2) 7111.8 (3904.4, 12474.0) 5955.0 (3964.4, 9925.8) 0.44 0.74 (0.57–0.85) 53.3 ±1.07 x̄
6-h
SDNN (ms) 84.1 (66.3, 107.2) 79.1 (64.1, 109.8) 0.30 0.83 (0.70–0.90) 17.0 ±0.43 x̄
RMSSD (ms) 16.8 (10.8, 30.6) 15.6 (10.4, 26.8) 0.50 0.89 (0.81–0.94) 25.7 ±0.62 x̄
HF (ms2) 166.8 (90.2, 386.0) 183.0 (85.8, 401.4) 0.77 0.77 (0.62–0.87) 52.9 ±1.07 x̄
LF (ms2) 259.0 (178.7, 697.5) 270.1 (162.5, 669.9) 1.00 0.88 (0.79–0.93) 40.6 ±0.89 x̄
VLF (ms2) 1151.6 (568.9, 2010.3) 940.1 (611.5, 1694.6) 0.87 0.86 (0.76–0.92) 39.3 ±0.87 x̄
ULF (ms2) 5903.0 (3393.1, 8765.0) 4787.6 (2901.3, 8571.6) 0.35 0.81 (0.67–0.89) 53.1 ±1.06 x̄
TP (ms2) 7572.6 (4408.3, 11929.8) 6291.5 (4102.5, 12296.8) 0.37 0.84 (0.73–0.91) 38.9 ±0.85 x̄
24-h
SDNN (ms) 101.7 (81.4, 130.3) 109.0 (82.2, 126.4) 0.76 0.82 (0.69–0.90) 15.7 ±0.40 x̄
RMSSD (ms) 20.6 (12.9, 35.2) 22.1 (11.6, 32.5) 0.33 0.91 (0.85–0.95) 14.9 ±0.39 x̄
HF (ms2) 283.1 (130.3, 656.2) 318.6 (154.2, 519.7) 0.80 0.80 (0.66–0.88) 42.4 ±0.91 x̄
LF (ms2) 324.1 (211.2, 835.9) 381.9 (239.7, 839.4) 0.97 0.89 (0.80–0.94) 30.4 ±0.71 x̄
VLF (ms2) 1298.6 (721.6, 2108.5) 1197.6 (695.0, 1766.3) 0.47 0.92 (0.86–0.95) 21.0 ±0.52 x̄
ULF (ms2) 8549.3 (5405.0, 14469.9) 10046.0 (5235.0, 14171.0) 0.88 0.82 (0.69–0.89) 42.5 ±0.92 x̄
TP (ms2) 10598.9 (6821.3, 17380.4) 11745.3 (6949.5, 17532.1) 0.94 0.84 (0.73–0.91) 34.8 ±0.79 x̄

CI confidence interval, CV coefficient of variation, HF high frequency power, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, LF low frequency power, LoA limits of agreement, RMSSD root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, SDNN standard deviation of all normal-to-normal R-R intervals, TP total power, ULF ultra-low frequency power, VLF very low frequency power, data mean.