Table 2.
Differences in cardiovascular measurements between rest and peak exercise
| Rest | Exercise*** | Mean difference rest to exercise* | Recovery | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm | ||||
| Total | 66 (9) | 94 (12) | 27 (11) | 63 (9) |
| Girls | 67 (8) | 95 (12) | 28 (13) | 65 (9) |
| Boys | 65 (9) | 92 (12) | 27 (11) | 62 (8) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | ||||
| Total | 117 (12) | 124 (14) | 7 (8) | 119 (13) |
| Girls | 113 (11) | 122 (15) | 9 (8) | 115 (12) |
| Boys | 119 (12)** | 125 (13) | 6 (8)** | 123 (13)** |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | ||||
| Total | 69 (8) | 72 (9) | 4 (4) | 70 (9) |
| Girls | 70 (8) | 74 (8) | 4 (4) | 71 (8) |
| Boys | 68 (8)** | 70 (9)** | 3 (4) | 69 (9) |
| Mean arterial blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | ||||
| Total | 84 (9) | 93 (11) | 9 (7) | 87 (10) |
| Girls | 85 (8) | 94 (10) | 10 (7) | 86 (9) |
| Boys | 83 (9) | 92 (11) | 9 (7) | 87 (10) |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume/BSA, mean (SD), ml/m2 | ||||
| Total | 96 (11) | 101 (15) | 5 (10) | Na |
| Girls | 90 (9) | 94 (12) | 4 (10) | Na |
| Boys | 101 (11)** | 107 (14)** | 5 (10) | Na |
| Left ventricular end-systolic volume/BSA, mean (SD), ml/2 | ||||
| Total | 44 (7) | 48 (10) | 4 (7) | Na |
| Girls | 41 (5) | 45 (9) | 4 (7) | Na |
| Boys | 47 (7)** | 51 (10)** | 4 (6) | Na |
| Stroke volume/BSA, mean (SD), ml/heart beat/m2 | ||||
| Total | 52 (7) | 52 (9) | < 1 (7) | Na |
| Girls | 49 (6) | 49 (8) | < 1 (7) | Na |
| Boys | 55 (6)** | 56 (9)** | < 1 (8) | Na |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | ||||
| Total | 54 (4) | 52 (6) | − 2 (5) | Na |
| Girls | 54 (4) | 52 (6) | − 2 (5) | Na |
| Boys | 54 (5) | 52 (6) | − 2 (5) | Na |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction relative to heartrate, mean (SD) %/bpm | ||||
| Total | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | − 0.3 (0.1) | Na |
| Girls | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | − 0.3 (0.1) | Na |
| Boys | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | − 0.3 (0.1) | Na |
| Cardiac index, mean (SD), l/min/m2 | ||||
| Total | 3.5 (0.6) | 4.9 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.9) | Na |
| Girls | 3.3 (0.5) | 4.6 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.9) | Na |
| Boys | 3.6 (0.6)** | 5.2 (1.0)** | 1.5 (0.8) | Na |
Cardiovascular measurements in rest, peak exercise, recovery (if applicable) and the difference between rest and peak exercise. Recovery was defined as the 5th minute of recovery after cessation of the exercise. All volumetric measurements (except for LVEF) were corrected for BSA
*Mean differences from rest to exercise were p < 0.001 for all values in the total group, girls and boys, except for stroke volume for which differences were not significant. Differences in cardiovascular outcomes between the boys and girls were evaluated using Student’s t-tests for independent samples
**P-value < 0.05 for difference between girls and boys
***For systolic, diastolic an mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, the mean value in the 7th minute of the exercise was used (peak exercise)