Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with acute kidney injury meeting the criteria for the stage 3 of the KDIGO classification
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | IC 95% | p | OR | IC 95% | p | |
| DIC | 3.12 | 1.99–4.91 | < 0.001 | 2.74 | 1.53–4.91 | < 0.001 |
| Age (per 1-year increment) | 1.0 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.645 | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 | 0.011 |
| Male sex | 0.96 | 0.62–1.50 | 0.865 | – | – | – |
| SAPS II (per 1pt increment) | 1.06 | 1.05–1.08 | < 0.001 | 1.06 | 1.04–1.07 | < 0.001 |
| SOFA (per 1pt increment) | 1.44 | 1.31–1.57 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Chronic hypertension | 1.80 | 1.16–2.81 | 0.009 | 1.75 | 0.95–3.20 | 0.071 |
| Diabetes | 1.56 | 0.98–2.48 | 0.059 | 1.41 | 0.77–2.60 | 0.265 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1.35 | 0.58–3.16 | 0.483 | – | – | – |
| CKD | 1.78 | 0.97–3.26 | 0.063 | 2.42 | 1.03–5.68 | 0.043 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 2.71 | 0.89–8.27 | 0.079 | 1.00 | 0.26–3.91 | 0.996 |
| Cancer | 0.68 | 0.38–1.22 | 0.194 | 0.52 | 0.25–1.11 | 0.091 |
| COPD | 0.82 | 0.47–1.42 | 0.475 | – | – | – |
| Source of infection | ||||||
| Lung | 1.15 | 0.74–1.80 | 0.532 | – | – | – |
| Abdominal | 1.77 | 0.99–3.19 | 0.056 | 1.66 | 0.80–3.43 | 0.175 |
| Urinary tract | 0.90 | 0.53–1.53 | 0.703 | – | – | – |
| Bloodstream infection | 0.79 | 0.48–1.29 | 0.349 | – | – | – |
| Nosocomial infection | 0.78 | 0.36–1.68 | 0.525 | – | – | – |
| Immunosuppression | 1.13 | 0.58–2.22 | 0.713 | – | – | – |
| Cocci gram positive | 0.78 | 0.49–1.22 | 0.269 | – | – | - |
| Bacillus gram negative | 1.49 | 0.97–2.28 | 0.071 | 1.47 | 0.86–2. 45 | 0.161 |
| Organ-support at inclusion | ||||||
| Epinephrine | 6.06 | 2.67–13.73 | < 0.001 | 1.99 | 0.71–5.55 | 0.187 |
| Dobutamine | 1.71 | 1.00–2.92 | 0.052 | 1.28 | 0.63–2.59 | 0.494 |
| Norepinephrine > 1 µg/kg/min at day 1 | 3.18 | 1.99–5.07 | < 0.001 | 1.31 | 0.72–2.39 | 0.372 |
| Fluid before inclusion > 1L | 5.57 | 1.21–17.18 | 0.025 | 4.34 | 0.82–23.1 | 0.085 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 5.13 | 2.11–12.50 | < 0.001 | 2.50 | 0.86–7.27 | 0.092 |
| Nephrotoxic drugs, yes | 0.52 | 0.19–1.43 | 0.207 | 0.77 | 0.18–3.23 | 0.724 |
| Nephrotoxic drugs | 1.06 | 0.89–1.25 | 0.514 | – | – | – |
Bolditalic characters were proposed to illustrate values who reached statistical significancy, i.e. p < 0.05
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; OR, odds ratio; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment